ࡱ> +-()*[ hbjbj"jjNl       rrr8\+.."PPPPPPD(F(F(F(?(Y)-*$, .Q* PPPPPQ*$  PP>+$$$P$ P PD($PD($T$V&r'T  8(P" `ert"T(8( T+0+*(/#:/8($     "  KHTOHA  1992 3>4C $>=4 0@=538 (!() ?>43>B>28; A?5F80;L=CN @01>BC, ?>A2OI5==CN ?@>1;5<5 D0:B>@0 A8;K 2 <564C=0@>4=KE >B=>H5=8OE: Commission on America and the New World. Changing Our Ways: America and the New World (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1992).  A5=BO1@5 1993 3>40 1C4CI89 3>AA5:@5B0@L !(, 0 2 B> 2@5<O >AB>O==K9 ?@54AB028B5;L !( 2 , .;1@09B 2KABC?8;0 A @5GLN 2 0F8>=0;L=>< 2>5==>< :>;;5465.  =59 >=0 70O28;0 > =5>1E>48<>AB8 8A?>;L7>20=8O 2>5==>9 A8;K 8 >?@545;8;0 A;CG08 55 2>7<>6=>3> ?@8<5=5=8O: C3@>70 @0A?@>AB@0=5=8O >@C68O <0AA>2>3> ?>@065=8O, B5@@>@87<, C@53C;8@>20=85 MB=8G5A:8E :>=D;8:B>2, 70I8B0 8 ?@>42865=85 45<>:@0B88. 21 A5=BO1@O 1993 3>40 >A=>2K =>2>9 :>=F5?F88 <564C=0@>4=>9 ?>;8B8:8 !( 87;>68; ?><>I=8: ?> =0F8>=0;L=>9 157>?0A=>AB8 -.59: 2> 2@5<O A2>53> 2KABC?;5=8O 2 (:>;5 ?5@A?5:B82=KE <564C=0@>4=KE 8AA;54>20=89 #=825@A8B5B0 6>=A0 >?:8=A0 2 0H8=3B>=5. 27 A5=BO1@O 1993 3>40 @57845=B ;8=B>= ?@54AB028; =>2CN 0<5@8:0=A:CN AB@0B538N =0 70A540=88 5=5@0;L=>9 AA0<1;58 . >A;5 ?5@5871@0=8O . ;8=B>=0 =0 2K1>@0E 1996 3>40 2 ?@5AA5 !( ?>O28;>AL <=>3> ?C1;8:0F89, ?>A2OI5==KE 0=0;87C 2=5H=5?>;8B8G5A:>9 AB@0B5388 45<>:@0B8G5A:>9 04<8=8AB@0F88, 8<5=>202H59AO 4>:B@8=>9 ;8=B>=0.  0<5@8:0=A:>< >1I5AB25 8, ?@5645 2A53>, 2 53> ?>;8B8:>-0:045<8G5A:8E :@C30E, 4> A8E ?>@ =5B ?@>G=>3> :>=A5=ACA0 2 >B=>H5=88 MB>9 4>:B@8=K. @8B8:0 8AE>48;0 8 8AE>48B =5 B>;L:> A> AB>@>=K B@048F8>==KE >??>=5=B>2 87 5A?C1;8:0=A:>9 ?0@B88, => 8 A> AB>@>=K CG5=KE, :>B>@K5 CA<>B@5;8 2 =59 702KH5==K5 0<18F88 ?@54;0302H59AO <>45;8 <564C=0@>4=KE >B=>H5=89 8 A?@0254;82> ?>AG8B0;8, GB> ?@>2>73;0H5==0O AB@0B538O O2;O5BAO ?;>4>< :C;C0@=>9 ?>;8B8:8, >B@060NI59 C7:85 8=B5@5AK ?@02OI59 3@C??K.  MB>9 A2O78 :><0=45 ;8=B>=0 ?@8H;>AL ?@82;5:0BL =0 A2>N AB>@>=C A@54AB20 <0AA>2>9 8=D>@<0F88, :>B>@K5, 2 F5;OE <0AA8@>20==>3> ?@>402;820=8O 2=5H=5?>;8B8G5A:8E 8459 04<8=8AB@0F88, ?@0:B8G5A:8 2K?>;=8;8 >?;0G5==K9 ?>;8B8G5A:89 70:07.  MB>9 A2O78 =5:>B>@>5 2@5<O B><C =0704, 8725AB=K9 ?>;8B>;>3 '0@;L7 #.59=A, CE>4O A ?>AB0 3;02=>3> @540:B>@0 2;8OB5;L=>3> 2 ?>;8B8G5A:8E :@C30E 6C@=0;0 $>@8= ?>;8A8, 70O28;, GB> A53>4=O 2 0H8=3B>=5 8458 =5 O2;ONBAO 1>;LH5 4>AB>O=85< :064>3>. =8 A>740NBAO 3;02=K< >1@07>< 4;O ?@82;5G5=8O ?>;8B8G5A:8E A>N7=8:>2. &5;L 2K@01>B:8 8459 A>AB>8B =5 2 B><, GB>1K A45;0BL 8E 4>AB>O=85< 3;0A=>AB8 8 CA>25@H5=AB2>20BL ?>;8B8:C B>9 8;8 8=>9 04<8=8AB@0F88, 0 2 B><, GB>1K >15A?5G8BL ?>154C 04<8=8AB@0F88, 45OB5;L=>ABL :>B>@>9 AB@>8BAO 2 A>>B25BAB288 A 845>;>3859 :>=:@5B=>3> 45OB5;O. 59=A B0:65 >B<5G0;, GB> AB>@>==8:8 53> B>G:8 7@5=8O AG8B0NB, GB> A ?@8E>4>< ;8=B>=0 2 !( ?>1548; :>=A5@20B87<, 8<5=C5<K9 65AB:8< ;815@0;87<><, 2 >A=>25 :>B>@>3> ;560B 459AB28O A ?>78F88 A8;K 8 ?>;8B8:0, 25AL<0 40;5:0O >B 45<>:@0B8G5A:8E ?@8=F8?>2. >4>1=> '.59=AC, >B45;L=K5 ?>;8B>;>38 :@8B8:>20;8 4>:B@8=C ;8=B>=0 =0 B>< >A=>20=88, GB> >:>=G0=85 0<5@8:0=A:>9 3535<>=88 O2;O5BAO =587156=>9 8 =5 >G5=L >B40;5==>9 ?5@A?5:B82>9, 2 B> 2@5<O :0: 2 ?@54;0302H59AO 2=5H=5?>;8B8G5A:>9 ?@>3@0<<5 CA<0B@820;>AL A8;L=>5 2;8O=85 ;8G=KE 0<18F89 ?@57845=B0 (8 53> AB>@>==8:>2) 2>9B8 2 8AB>@8N 2=5H=59 ?>;8B8:8 2 :0G5AB25 ;845@0, >1J548=82H53> 2@>?C 8 2AB0BL 2 >48= @O4 A> A2>8<8 ?@54H5AB25==8:0<8-?@57845=B0<8, 2 :>B>@>< 8<O . 5930=0 A2O7K20NB A >:>=G0=85< E>;>4=>9 2>9=K, 0 6.CH0 - A >1J548=5=85< 5@<0=88. > ?@87=0=8N @O40 0<5@8:0=A:8E CG5=KE, 02B>@0< =>2>9 4>:B@8=K C40;>AL A>548=8BL 2 =59 M;5<5=BK G5BK@5E 2=5H=5?>;8B8G5A:8E :>=F5?F89, :>B>@K5 >1AC640;8AL 2 ?>;8B8:>-0:045<8G5A:8E :@C30E !(: =5>-87>;OF8>=87<0, 8718@0B5;L=>3> >3@0=8G5==>3> CG0AB8O, A>3;0A>20==>9 157>?0A=>AB8 8 548=>;8G=>3> ;845@AB20. 1. 5>-87>;OF8>=87<. !B>@>==8:8 MB>3> ?>4E>40 2K42830;8 =5A:>;L:> ?>;>65=89, :>B>@K5, ?> 8E <=5=8N, 4>;6=K 1K;8 >?@545;OBL 2=5H=NN ?>;8B8:C AB@0=K 2 ?5@8>4 ?>A;5 >:>=G0=8O E>;>4=>9 2>9=K: - 2 <8@5 =5B 3>AC40@AB20, A?>A>1=>3> A5@L57=> C3@>60BL 157>?0A=>AB8 !(; - O45@=>5 >@C685 O2;O5BAO >A=>2=K< 30@0=B>< ?>;8B8G5A:>3> AC25@5=8B5B0 B5@@8B>@80;L=>9 F5;>AB=>AB8 !>548=5==KE (B0B>2. >A;5 @0A?040 !>25BA:>3> !>N70 =5 >AB0;>AL 3>AC40@AB20, A?>A>1=>3> =0=5AB8 A>>B25BAB2CNI89 >B25B=K9 C40@ O45@=K< A8;0< !(; - AB018;L=>ABL =0 52@0789A:>< :>=B8=5=B5 =5 A;54C5B @0AA<0B@820BL :0: ?@>1;5<C 4;O A5@L57=>3> 15A?>:>9AB20, B0: :0: G5BK@5 O45@=K5 45@602K - =3;8O, $@0=F8O, >AA8O 8 8B09, >1;040NI85 A8;0<8 O45@=>3> 2>7<5748O, 1C4CB =0E>48BLAO ?>4 2;8O=85< 2708<=KE A45@6820NI8E D0:B>@>2; - ACI5AB2CNI89 @0A:;04 A8; <564C !( 8 4@C38<8 O45@=K<8 45@6020<8 2@O4 ;8 ?>72>;8B :0:>9-;81> 87 AB@0= 2@0788 ?@5B5=4>20BL =0 @>;L 3535<>=0 2 2>5==>9 8 M:>=><8G5A:>9 AD5@0E. > <=5=8N AB>@>==8:>2 >BE>40 >B 0:B82=>9 2=5H=59 ?>;8B8:8, C:070==K5 D0:B>@K ?>72>;8;8 1K !( >3@0=8G8BL A2>8 CA8;8O 8 70B@0BK ?> :>=B@>;N =04 @0728B85< A8BC0F88 2 <8@5, =5 2<5H820BLAO 2 :>=D;8:BK, >B:070BLAO >B 8=B5@25=F8>=8ABA:8E >?5@0F89 ;N1>3> E0@0:B5@0, ?5@5A<>B@5BL B@048F8>==K5 A>N7=8G5A:85 >B=>H5=8O, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 2 ". 7>;OF8>=8ABA:89 ?>4E>4 ?@54?>;030;, GB> 1C4CI55 !525@>0B;0=B8G5A:>3> 0;LO=A0 4>;6=> @5H0BLAO AB@0=0<8 2@>?K, ?><>IL >AA88 4>;6=0 1KBL ?@5:@0I5=0 8 4065 CG0AB85 2 C@53C;8@>20=88 0@01>-87@08;LA:>3> :>=D;8:B0 >1JO2;O;>AL =5@0F8>=0;L=K<. KA:07K20;>AL B0:65 <=5=85, GB> 2<5H0B5;LAB2> AB@0=K 2 45;0 8A;0<A:8E AB@0= 8 CG0AB85 2 1>@L15 A 8A;0<A:8< B5@@>@87<>< ;8HL =02;5:05B =0 0<5@8:0=F52 3=52 M:AB@5<8AB>2 8 ?@82>4OB : 0:B0< 2>7<5748O A 8E AB>@>=K =0 B5@@8B>@88 !>548=5==KE (B0B>2. B45;L=K5 8458 =5>-87>;OF8>=8ABA:>3> ?>4E>40 1K;8 8A?>;L7>20=K ?@54AB028B5;O<8 5A?C1;8:0=A:>9 ?0@B88 2 1994 3>4C 2 E>45 2K1>@>2 2 >=3@5AA. 5A?C1;8:0=FK :@8B8:>20;8 04<8=8AB@0F8N ;8=B>=0 70 ?@>2545=85 ?>;8B8:8, =5 >B25G0NI59 8=B5@5A0< AB@0=K 8, 2 G0AB=>AB8, 70 ?>;8B8:C ?> >B=>H5=8N : >AA88, 70 >?5@0F88 2 !><0;8 8 =0 08B8, 70 2<5H0B5;LAB2> 2 :>=D;8:B 2 1K2H59 .3>A;0288. 5A?C1;8:0=FK ?@87K20;8 A>A@54>B>G8BL CA8;8O =0 >15A?5G5=88 M:>=><8G5A:>3> ?@>F25B0=8O !( 8 =0 @5H5=88 2=CB@5==8E ?@>1;5<.  A2>N >G5@54L :@8B8:8 =5>-87>;OF8>=8ABA:>3> ?>4E>40, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 =5:>B>@K5 G;5=K 04<8=8AB@0F88 ;8=B>=0, >B<5G0;8, GB> 2=5H=5?>;8B8G5A:85 2>7<>6=>AB8, >B:@K2H85AO ?>A;5 >:>=G0=8O E>;>4=>9 2>9=K, =5 <>3CB 1KBL ?@8=5A5=K 2 65@B2C 2=CB@5==8< ?@>1;5<0<, =5A<>B@O =0 8E 206=>ABL 4;O 0<5@8:0=A:>3> >1I5AB20. -B> 2?>;=5 >1JOA=8<>. "@C4=> 1K;> >6840BL, GB> 2 CA;>28OE, :>340 !( >AB0;8AL 548=AB25==>9 A25@E45@602>9, 8458 87>;OF8>=87<0 ?>;CG0B H8@>:CN ?>445@6:C.  A2>N >G5@54L, ?@>B82=8:8 ?>;8B8:8 87>;OF8>=87<0 >B<5G0;8, GB> >BACBAB285 0<5@8:0=A:>3> ;845@AB20 <>65B ?@825AB8 : =0@0AB0=8N =5AB018;L=>AB8 8 ?>2KH5=8N 25@>OB=>AB8 2>7=8:=>25=8O 2>9=K, GB> =530B82=> A:065BAO :0: =0 AB@0=0E, ?@O<> 2 =55 =5 2>2;5G5==KE, B0: 8 =0 !>548=5==KE (B0B0E, =5A<>B@O =0 2KA>:CN AB5?5=L =5CO728<>AB8 8E ?>;>65=8O ?> A@02=5=8N A 4@C38<8 3>AC40@AB20<8. KA:07K20;8AL B0:65 >?0A5=8O, GB> CE>4 !>548=5==KE (B0B>2 87 <8@>2>9 ?>;8B8:8 ?@82545B : B><C, GB> AB@0=K, @0=55 ?>;L7>202H85AO 7>=B8:>< !(, 1C4CB 2K=C645=K 8A:0BL =>2K5 ?CB8 >15A?5G5=8O A2>59 157>?0A=>AB8 8 C:@5?;5=8O A2>59 2>5==>9 <>I8, GB> <>65B ?@825AB8 : CA8;5=8N 3>=:8 2>>@C65=89 =0 @538>=0;L=>< C@>2=5. A>1>5 2=8<0=85 C45;O;>AL 2>7<>6=>AB8 CA8;5=8O B5=45=F88 : @0A?@>AB@0=5=8N O45@=>3> >@C68O 8 @>ABC AB@5<;5=89 >B45;L=KE AB@0= : ?>;CG5=8N >@C68O <0AA>2>3> C=8GB>65=8O ;N1>9 F5=>9. =>385 ?>;8B>;>38 45;0;8 0:F5=B =0 B><, GB> !( <>3CB CB@0B8BL A2>5 ;848@CNI55 ?>;>65=85 2 <8@5 70 3>4K 157459AB28O 8 8< 1C45B >G5=L B@C4=> (8;8 =52>7<>6=>) 2>AAB0=>28BL A2>8 ?>78F88, :>340 >=8 2=>2L 70E>BOB 25@=CBLAO : 0:B82=>9 ?>;8B8:5. B<5G0;>AL, GB> >BACBAB285 0<5@8:0=A:>3> D0:B>@0 <>65B A>740BL 1;03>?@8OB=K5 CA;>28O 4;O ?>O2;5=8O A8;L=>3> 8 03@5AA82=>3> 3535<>=0, A45@6820=85 :>B>@>3> ?>B@51C5B :>;>AA0;L=KE CA8;89. @8B8G5A:85 70<5G0=8O ?> ?>2>4C ?@>2>73;0H05<KE 2K3>4 >B A25@BK20=8O 2=5H=5?>;8B8G5A:>9 45OB5;L=>AB8 2KA:07K20;8 8 >B45;L=K5 M:>=><8ABK. =8 C:07K20;8 =0 B>, GB> M:>=><8O >B B0:>9 ?>;8B8:8 <>65B A>AB028BL =5 1>;55 1-1,5% >B  !(, 8;8 70-100 <8;;80@4>2 4>;;0@>2 2 3>4. "0:0O AC<<0, ?> 8E <=5=8N, =5 <>65B 8<5BL @5H0NI53> 7=0G5=8O 4;O 0<5@8:0=A:>9 M:>=><8:8, :>B>@0O >F5=8205BAO 2 7 B@8;;8>=>2 4>;;0@>2, 0 2>B ?>B5@8 >B CB@0BK ;848@CNI59 @>;8 2 <8@5 <>3CB >:070BLAO 1>;55 >ICB8<K<8.  F5;><, :>=F5?F8O =5>-87>;OF8>=87<0 =5 ?>;CG8;0 ?>445@6:8, >4=0:> @O4 55 ?>;>65=89 > B><, GB> !( 4>;6=K 1>;55 15@56=> >B=>A8BLAO : A2>8< @5AC@A0<, A>1;N40BL 10;0=A <564C 2=5H=59 8 2=CB@5==59 ?>;8B8:>9, >:070BLAO >B 3;>10;L=>3> :>=B@>;O >:070;8 >?@545;5==>5 2;8O=85 =0 D>@<8@>20=85 2=5H=5?>;8B8G5A:>9 :>=F5?F88. 2. 718@0B5;L=>5 (>3@0=8G5==>5) CG0AB85. #:070==K9 ?>4E>4 1K; 1>;55 4@C38E ?@81;865= : B@048F8>==>9 B5>@88 10;0=A0 A8;. 3> >A=>2=>5 ?>;>65=85 A>AB>O;> 2 B><, GB> @5H0NI8< D0:B>@>< @0728B8O <564C=0@>4=KE >B=>H5=89 O2;O5BAO AB018;L=>ABL 2 >B=>H5=8OE <564C 254CI8<8 <8@>2K<8 45@6020<8, : :>B>@K< ?@8G8A;O;8AL, ?><8<> !(, B0:65 - >AA8O, AB@0=K-G;5=K 2@>?59A:>3> !>N70,   8 /?>=8O. 040G0 !>548=5==KE (B0B>2 2 A>>B25BAB288 A> AB@0B53859 8718@0B5;L=>3> CG0AB8O A>AB>O;0 2 B><, GB>1K ?@54>B2@0B8BL 2>5==>5 AB>;:=>25=85 8;8 A5@L57=K9 :>=D;8:B <564C MB8<8 AB@0=0<8. !B>@>==8:8 8718@0B5;L=>AB8 2 =0?@02;5=88 CA8;89 !( C15640;8, GB> 0<5@8:0=A:89 :>=B@>;L =04 @0728B85< <564C=0@>4=KE >B=>H5=89 =5>1E>48<. !2>8 3;02=K5 >?0A5=8O >=8 A2O7K20;8 A 2@07859, 345, ?> 8E <=5=8N, =081>;55 25@>OB=> ?>O2;5=85 3535<>=0, A?>A>1=>3> 2ABC?8BL 2 1>@L1C 70 :>=B@>;L =04 <8@>2K<8 8=4CAB@80;L=K<8 8 M:>=><8G5A:8<8 F5=B@0<8. =8 ?@87=020;8, GB> 35>3@0D8G5A:>5 ?>;>65=85 !>548=5==KE (B0B>2 8 A?>A>1=>ABL O45@=>3> A45@6820=8O 45;0NB 8E ?@0:B8G5A:8 =5CO728<K<8 4;O 52@0789A:>3> 3535<>=0, >4=0:>, ?> 8E <=5=8N, >?KB ?@>H;KE 2>9= 2 2@>?5 8 788 ?>:070;, GB> !( <>3CB >:070BLAO 2BO=CBK<8 2 :>=D;8:B 70 ?@545;0<8 0<5@8:0=A:>3> :>=B8=5=B0 2 A8;C B>3>, GB> 8=B5@5AK !>548=5==KE (B0B>2 ?@8ACBAB2CNB 2 @07;8G=KE @538>=0E <8@0. A>1K9 0:F5=B AB028;AO =0 B><, GB> 2>5==K5 B5E=>;>388 A :064K< 3>4>< AB0=>2OBAO 2A5 1>;55 <>I=K<8 8 A>25@H5==K<8, GB> 2 A2>N >G5@54L ?>=8605B AB5?5=L =5CO728<>AB8 !>548=5==KE (B0B>2. 0F5;5==>ABL 0<5@8:0=A:>9 2=5H=59 ?>;8B8:8 =0 254CI85 <8@>2K5 45@602K ?@54?>;030;, GB> @53C;8@CNI55 8 =0?@02;ONI55 2;8O=85 1C45B >:07K20BL 3>AC40@AB2>-;845@, 0 8<5==> - !>548=5==K5 (B0BK. "0:0O >3@0=8G8B5;L=0O @>;L ;845@0 ?@54AB02;O;0AL 02B>@0< 8718@0B5;L=>9 :>=F5?F88 =081>;55 ?@85<;5<>9, B0: :0: ?>72>;O;0 1K A>E@0=8BL ?@8ACBAB285 8 2;8O=85 !( 2 :;NG52KE @538>=0E 8 =5 @0A?K;OBL @5AC@AK AB@0=K, :>B>@K5 4>AB0B>G=> >3@0=8G5=K. 1@0I0;>AL B0:65 2=8<0=85 =0 B>B D0:B, GB> =0 4>;N !( ?@8E>48BAO 22% , 0 =0A5;5=85 A>AB02;O5B 4,6% >B <8@>2>3>, 8 5ABL 2A5 >A=>20=8O ?@54?>;030BL, GB> <8@>2>5 M:>=><8G5A:>5 @0728B85 ?@82545B 2 1C4CI5< : C<5=LH5=8N 4>;8 !>548=5==KE (B0B>2 2 <8@>2>9 M:>=><8:5, 2 A2O78 A G5< A>:@0BOBAO 8 2>7<>6=>AB8 :>=B@>;O =0 <8@>2>< @K=:5.  G8A;C ?@8>@8B5B>2 2=5H=59 ?>;8B8:8 !( AB>@>==8:8 >3@0=8G5==>3> CG0AB8O 2 <564C=0@>4=KE 45;0E >B=>A8;8 A;54CNI55: - >ACI5AB2;5=85 :>=B@>;O 70 =5@0A?@>AB@0=5=85< O45@=>3> >@C68O, B0: :0: ?>O2;5=85 MB>3> >@C68O C @O40 AB@0=, B0:8E :0: @0= 8;8 !525@=0O >@5O, <>3;> 1K ?@54AB028BL C3@>7C <564C=0@>4=>9 8 @538>=0;L=>9 AB018;L=>AB8; - ?>445@60=85 >A>1>3> :>=B@>;O 70 @09>=>< 5@A84A:>3> 70;820. -B>B @538>= 2065= =5 B>;L:> 4;O !(, => 8 4;O 4@C38E 254CI8E AB@0= :0: 206=59H89 8AB>G=8: M=5@35B8G5A:8E @5AC@A>2. 3> AB018;L=>ABL <>65B 1KBL =0@CH5=0 2 @57C;LB0B5 AB>;:=>25=8O 8=B5@5A>2 :@C?=KE 45@602, CA8;5=8O ?@>B82>@5G89 <564C AB@0=0<8 @538>=0 87-70 AB@5<;5=8O >4=>9 87 =8E 70=OBL 4><8=8@CNI55 ?>;>65=85 8;8 ?>;CG8BL 4>ABC? : >@C68N <0AA>2>3> C=8GB>65=8O. 5AB018;870F8O MB>3> @538>=0 ?@>B82>@5G8;0 1K =5 B>;L:> 8=B5@5A0< !(, => 8 1K;0 1K >?0A=0 4;O A>A54=8E 3>AC40@AB2, >A>15==> 2 A;CG05 =0G0;0 2>9=K A ?@8<5=5=85< >@C68O <0AA>2>3> ?>@065=8O; - A>E@0=5=85 2;8O=8O 2 AB@0B538G5A:8 206=KE 4;O !( AB@0=0E 2@0788, 2 2@>?5, 2 >AB>G=>9 788, 0 B0:65 =0 ;86=5< >AB>:5 8 2 .3>-0?04=>9 788; - >3@0=8G5=85 CG0AB8O 2 C@53C;8@>20=88 :>=D;8:B>2. > <=5=8N AB>@>==8:>2 :>=F5?F88 87 ?>B5=F80;L=KE @538>=0;L=KE :>=D;8:B>2 =0 2@0789A:>< :>=B8=5=B5, :>B>@K5 <>3;8 1K 70B@>=CBL 8=B5@5AK 254CI8E 45@602, >?0A=>ABL ?@54AB02;O5B B>;L:> 2>7<>6=K9 :>=D;8:B <564C #:@08=>9 8 >AA859, 2A5 >AB0;L=K5 :>=D;8:BK, 2 B>< G8A;5 8 2 1K2H59 .3>A;0288, =5 <>3CB ACI5AB25==> ?>2;8OBL =0 AB018;L=>ABL 2 2@0788 8 =0=5AB8 CI5@1 8=B5@5A0< !( 8;8 >4=>9 87 254CH8E 52@>?59A:8E 45@602; - 8A?>;L7>20=85 4;O 4>AB865=8O 2=5H=5?>;8B8G5A:8E F5;59 ACI5AB2CNI8E 1;>:>2, 2 B>< G8A;5 ", E>BO 8 157 @0AH8@5=85 0;LO=A0. # 02B>@>2 :>=F5?F88 8718@0B5;L=>3> CG0AB8O ?@>A;568205BAO 65;0=85 >3@048BL !( >B 2>7<>6=>AB8 1KBL 2BO=CBK<8 2 MB=8G5A:85 :>=D;8:BK, 0=0;>38G=><C 1>A=89A:><C, >B =5C40G, ?>4>1=KE B5<, :>B>@K5 8<5;8 <5AB> 2 !><0;8 8 =0 08B8. 4=0:>, :0: >B<5G0NB :@8B8:8, AB>@>==8:0< >3@0=8G5=8O AD5@ 8 >1J5:B>2 0<5@8:0=A:8E 8=B5@5A>2 =5 C40;>AL ?@54AB028BL G5B:85 8 C1548B5;L=K5 :@8B5@88 4;O >?@545;5=8O 87 8E G8A;0 >A=>2=KE 8 2B>@>AB5?5==KE, B@51CNI8E 8;8 =5 B@51CNI8E CG0AB8O !( ?@8 B>< CA;>288, GB> 2 AD5@C <5@8:0=A:8E 8=B5@5A>2 ?>?0405B 7=0G8B5;L=0O G0ABL 75<=>3> H0@0.  G8A;5 A;01KE AB>@>= :>=F5?F88 >3@0=8G5==>3> CG0AB8O :@8B8:8 ?>4E>40 =07K20;8 >BACBAB285 8459=>3> :><?>=5=B0, 0 8<5==> - 7040G ?> @0A?@>AB@0=5=8N 0<5@8:0=A:8E F5==>AB59 45<>:@0B88 8 @K=>G=>9 M:>=><8:8, :>=F5=B@0F8N CA8;89 =0 8=B5@5A0E =51>;LH>9 3@C??K 3>AC40@AB2, 83=>@8@>20=85 206=KE <564C=0@>4=KE ?@>1;5<, 2 @5H5=88 :>B>@KE !>548=5==K5 (B0BK <>3CB 8A?>;L7>20BL A2>9 ?@5AB86 8 <>3CI5AB2>. 3. !>3;0A>20==0O (:>>?5@0F8>==0O) 157>?0A=>ABL. >6=> A:070BL, GB> 1>;LH0O G0ABL 8459, A>AB0282H8E >A=>2C 8=8F80B82 04<8=8AB@0F88 ;8=B>=0 2 >1;0AB8 2=5H=59 ?>;8B8:8, 1K;0 ?>708<AB2>20=0 87 :>=F5?F88 A>3;0A>20==>9 157>?0A=>AB8. A=>2=>5 ?>;>65=85 C:070==>3> ?>4E>40 A>AB>O;> 2 B><, GB> <8@ (:0: A>AB>O=85 157 2>9=K 8;8 :>=D;8:B>2) - MB> >1I0O, =545;8<0O :0B53>@8O. >MB><C 3;>10;L=K9 <8@ O2;O5BAO 206=59H8< =0F8>=0;L=K< ?@8>@8B5B>< !(. 5H0NI55 2;8O=85 =0 D>@<8@>20=85 ?>4E>40 >:070;8 ;815@0;L=K5 8458 > @0A?@>AB@0=5=88 45<>:@0B8G5A:8E 8450;>2 8 8=AB8BCB>2, > 206=>9 @>;8 <564C=0@>4=KE >@30=870F89 8 :>;;5:B82=KE 459AB289 ?> C@53C;8@>20=8N <564C=0@>4=KE ?@>1;5< 8 >15A?5G5=8N 157>?0A=>AB8. A=>2>?>;030NI89 B578A B5>@88 @50;87<0 > =5>1E>48<>AB8 ?>445@60=8O 10;0=A0 A8; <564C 254CI8<8 <8@>2K<8 45@6020<8 1K; >B:;>=5=, :0: =5 >B25G0NI89 A>2@5<5==K< B5=45=F8O< @0728B8O <8@>2>3> A>>1I5AB20. 2B>@K :>=F5?F88 45;0;8 0:F5=B =0 B><, GB> 1>;LH8=AB2> @0728BKE 3>AC40@AB2 - 45<>:@0B8G5A:85 ?> A2>5<C E0@0:B5@C 8;8 =0E>4OBAO =0 ?CB8 : 45<>:@0B88 8 >B=>H5=8O <564C =8<8 E0@0:B5@87CNBAO >?@545;5==>9 AB018;L=>ABLN. >A;5 >:>=G0=8O E>;>4=>9 2>9=K =0 ?5@2K9 ?;0= 2K428=C;8AL C3@>7K, :>B>@K5 8AE>48;8 87 @538>=>2 8;8 >B AB@0=, =5 2E>4OI8E 2 MBC 3@C??C. B<5G0;>AL, GB> ACI5AB2>20=85 2KA>:8E 8=D>@<0F8>==KE 8 2>5==KE B5E=>;>389, >@C68O <0AA>2>3> C=8GB>65=8O <>65B ?@52@0B8BL ;>:0;L=K9 >G03 =5AB018;L=>AB8 2 :@C?=><0AHB01=K9 @538>=0;L=K9 8;8 <564C=0@>4=K9 :>=D;8:B, 8 B5< A0<K< ?@54AB028BL C3@>7C 8=B5@5A0< !( 8;8 8E A>N7=8:>2. 0AH8@OO AD5@C 8=B5@5A>2 !( ?> >15A?5G5=8N 157>?0A=>AB8 70 ?@545;K 3@C??K 254CI8E <8@>2KE 45@602, AB>@>==8:8 A>3;0A>20==>9 157>?0A=>AB8 ?@84020;8 1>;LH>5 7=0G5=85 C:@5?;5=8N 8 @0AH8@5=8N <564C=0@>4=KE >@30=870F89, 2 ?5@2CN >G5@54L ", 8 2KABC?0;8 70 AB@0B538G5A:CN 2708<>7028A8<>ABL 8 :>>@48=0F8N :>;;5:B82=KE 459AB289 4;O 4>AB865=8O ?>AB02;5==KE F5;59, 2 B>< G8A;5 - 4;O 2545=8O 1KAB@KE 2>9= A <8=8<0;L=K<8 ?>B5@O<8. !B>@>==8:8 ?@>2545=8O ?>;8B8:8 A>3;0A>20==>9 157>?0A=>AB8 70O2;O;8 >1 55 ?@8=F8?80;L=>< >B;8G88 >B :>=F5?F88 :>;;5:B82=>9 157>?0A=>AB8, :>B>@0O, ?> 8E <=5=8N, 1K;0 B5>@859 2@5<5= E>;>4=>9 2>9=K 8 0B@81CB>< A>25BA:>-0<5@8:0=A:>3> ?@>B82>AB>O=8O. B<5G0;>AL, GB> @0728B85 <8@>2>3> A>>1I5AB20 ?>A;5 >:>=G0=8O E>;>4=>9 2>9=K ?>:070;> =5MDD5:B82=>ABL AB0@>9 :>=F5?F88, 2 >A=>25 :>B>@>9 1K;8 ?@58<CI5AB25==> =5A8;>2K5 <5B>4K, 2 B> 2@5<O, :0: @5H5=85 B0:8E ?@>1;5<, :0: @0A?@>AB@0=5=85 O45@=>3> >@C68O, C@53C;8@>20=85 :>=D;8:B>2, ?>4>1=> N3>A;02A:><C, =5 <>3;> 1KBL >ACI5AB2;5=> B>;L:> =5A8;>2K<8 <5B>40<8. ;02=>5 ?>;>65=85, :>B>@>5 2K45;8;> C:070==K9 ?>4E>4 - MB> ?@87=0=85 8 >1>A=>20=85 2>7<>6=>AB8 8, 2 >B45;L=KE A;CG0OE, =5>1E>48<>AB8 8A?>;L7>20=8O 2>5==>9 A8;K 4;O C@53C;8@>20=8O <564C=0@>4=KE ?@>1;5< 8 :>=D;8:B>2, ?>445@60=8O AB018;L=>AB8 2 :;NG52KE 4;O !( 8 53> A>N7=8:>2 @538>=0E, >15A?5G5=8O 157>?0A=>AB8. >?CA:0;>AL ?@>2545=85 2>5==KE >?5@0F89 4;O ?@54>B2@0I5=8O ?>?KB>: B>9 8;8 8=>9 AB@0=K ?>;CG8BL 4>ABC? : O45@=><C >@C68N 8;8 B5E=>;>38O< 2 =0@CH5=85 A>3;0H5=8O > =5@0A?@>AB@0=5=88 O45@=>3> >@C68O. 1JO2;O;8AL 4>?CAB8<K<8 8 =5>1E>48<K<8 2>5==K5 >?5@0F88 2 3C<0=8B0@=KE F5;OE 2 E>45 <563>AC40@AB25==KE :>=D;8:B>2 8 2 E>45 2=CB@83>AC40@AB25==KE :>=D;8:B>2 (3@0640=A:0O 2>9=0), :0: MB> ?@>87>H;> 2 1K2H59 .3>A;0288. @87=020;>AL 2>7<>6=K< CG0AB85 !( >4=>2@5<5==> 2 =5A:>;L:8E 2>5==KE >?5@0F8OE ?> >15A?5G5=8N 157>?0A=>AB8. @8B8:8 AB@0B5388 A>3;0A>20==>9 157>?0A=>AB8 >B<5G0;8, GB> 2 1C4CI5< 55 ?@5B2>@5=85 2 687=L <>3;> 1KBL A>?@O65=> A @O4>< ?@>1;5<. 0 8E 273;O4, : 8E G8A;C >B=>A8;8AL 2>?@>AK > @0A?@545;5=88 <0B5@80;L=KE 8 ;N4A:8E 70B@0B <564C CG0AB=8:0<8 :>;;5:B82=KE 0:F89, ;N4A:85 ?>B5@8, >B=>H5=85 @O40 AB@0=, B0:8E, :0: 8B09, >AA8O, @0= 8 4@C38E : 2>5==><C 2<5H0B5;LAB2C !( 8 AB@0= " 2 45;0 @538>=>2, :>B>@K5 2E>4OB 2 AD5@C 8E 8=B5@5A>2. 4. 845@AB2> !(. $0:B>@ <8@>2>3> ;845@AB20 C(A ?@8ACBAB2>20; 2> 2A5E G5BK@5E ?>4E>40E, >4=0:> @0AA<0B@8205<K9 ?>4E>4 70O2;O; > ?@8<0B5 !( 2 <564C=0@>4=KE 45;0E 1>;55 >B:@>25==> 8 2KAB@0820; <>45;L ?>2545=8O =0 >A=>25 >A>1>3> ?>;>65=8O 0<5@8:0=A:>3> 3>AC40@AB20.  >1I8E G5@B0E :>=F5?F8O 1K;0 @07@01>B0=0 2 ?>A;54=89 3>4 ?@02;5=8O 04<8=8AB@0F88 6.CH0 2 4>:C<5=B5 ?>4 =0720=85< 5:><5=40F88 4;O >1>@>==>3> ?;0=8@>20=8O.  C:070==>< 4>:C<5=B5 >B<5G0;>AL, GB> !( 4>;6=K C?>B@518BL A2>5 ?>;>65=85 ?@87=0==>3> 3535<>=0 2 F5;OE C:@5?;5=8O =>2>3> <8@>2>3> ?>@O4:0 A B5<, GB>1K =5 ?>72>;8BL :0:><C-;81> 3>AC40@AB2C 2 0?04=>9 2@>?5, >AB>G=>9 788, =0 ?>ABA>25BA:>< ?@>AB@0=AB25, 2 .3>->AB>G=>9 788 ?>4=OBLAO 4> ?>;>65=8O @538>=0;L=>3> ;845@0, A?>A>1=>3> :>=B@>;8@>20BL B>B 8;8 8=>9 @538>=, 345 C !( 8 53> A>N7=8:>2 5ABL 8=B5@5AK, 8;8 ?@81;878BLAO : AB0BCAC 3;>10;L=>9 45@602K 8 AB0BL 35>?>;8B8G5A:8< >??>=5=B>< !(, ?>AB028BL ?>4 A><=5=85 0<5@8:0=A:>5 ;845@AB2>, 2=5AB8 87<5=5=8O 2 CAB0=>282H89AO <564C=0@>4=K9 ?>;8B8G5A:89 8 M:>=><8G5A:89 ?>@O4>:.  G8A;C 2=5H=5?>;8B8G5A:8E ?@8>@8B5B>2 AB>@>==8:8 ?>4E>40, >A=>20==>3> =0 3;>10;L=>< 548=>;8G=>< ;845@AB25 !(, >B=>A8;8 A;54CNI55: 1 - !( 4>;6=K A>A@54>B>G8BL A2>8 CA8;8O =0 70:@5?;5=88 ;848@CNI53> ?>;>65=8O 2 ?>;8B8G5A:>9, M:>=><8G5A:>9, 2>5==>9 >1;0ABOE; 2 - @5H0NI8< D0:B>@><, >?@545;ONI8< <8@>2>5 @0728B85 O2;ONBAO >B=>H5=8O <564C 254CI8<8 <8@>2K<8 45@6020<8 - !(, >AA859, 8B05<, /?>=859, AB@0=0<8 ! (5@<0=8O, $@0=F8O, =3;8O). 8@=>5 @0728B85 >B=>H5=89 <564C =8<8 206=> 4;O AB018;L=>AB8 2 <8@5. !B@5<;5=85 :0:>9-;81> 87 AB@0= MB>9 3@C??K 8;8 70 55 ?@545;0<8 ?@5B5=4>20BL =0 @>;L ;845@0 =54>?CAB8<>, B0: :0: <>65B @07@CH8BL ACI5AB2CNI89 10;0=A, 2 7=0G8B5;L=>9 AB5?5=8 ?>445@68205<K9 02B>@8B5B>< 8 A8;>9 !(; 3 - 206=59H0O @>;L 2 4>AB865=88 C:070==>9 F5;8 >B2>48BAO ", ?>MB><C !( 4>;6=K ?@8;>68BL 2A5 CA8;8O 4;O C:@5?;5=8O MB>3> A>N70; 4 - @0AH8@5=85 A525@>0B;0=B8G5A:>3> 0;LO=A0 4>;6=> AB0BL =5>BJ5<;5<>9 G0ABLN ?>;8B8:8 !(. :;NG5=85 2 0;LO=A 2>AB>G=>52@>?59A:8E AB@0= ?>72>;8;> 1K A>740BL 30@0=B88 B>3>, GB> 2 2@>?5 =5 2>7=8:=CB :0:85-;81> 0;LB5@=0B82=K5 AB@C:BC@K 157>?0A=>AB8, A?>A>1=K5 =0=5AB8 CI5@1 ?>78F8O< !( 8 ?@5AB86C "; 5 - A;54C5B A>E@0=8BL 2>5==>5 ?@8ACBAB285 2 >AB>G=>9 788, GB>1K ?@54>B2@0B8BL >1@07>20=85 A8;>2>3> 20:CC<0 8 ?>O2;5=8O @538>=0;L=>3> 3535<>=0; 6 - A;54C5B A>E@0=8BL 2>5==>5 2;8O=85 =0 ;86=5< >AB>:5 8 2 .3>->AB>G=>9 788, GB>1K ?@54>B2@0B8BL ;N1K5 ?>?KB:8 =488 70=OBL ;848@CNI55 ?>;>65=85 2 .6=>9 788; 7 - ?@>B82>AB>OBL ?>O2;5=8N C3@>7 <564C=0@>4=><C ?@02>?>@O4:C, 45<>:@0B88 8 @K=>G=>9 M:>=><8:5. -B> ?>;>65=85 A1;8605B ?>4E>4K A>3;0A>20==>9 157>?0A=>AB8 8 548=>2;0AB8O !(. ;O ?>445@60=8O AB0BCA0 !>548=5==KE (B0B>2 8 ?@54C?@5645=8O =51;03>?@8OB=>3> @0728B8O <564C=0@>4=>9 A8BC0F88 AB>@>==8:8 :>=F5?F88 ?@54;030;8 8A?>;L7>20BL =>2CN AB@0B538N A45@6820=8O, =0?@02;5==CN =0 A45@6820=85 M:>=><8G5A:>3> 2K7>20 A> AB>@>=K /?>=88, 2>7<>6=KE M:>=><8G5A:>3> 8 2>5==>3> 2K7>2>2 A> AB>@>=K 8B0O, 0 B0:65 ?>;8B8G5A:>3> 8 2>5==>3> 2K7>20 A> AB>@>=K >AA88. !8;>2>9 ?>4E>4 1K; >B:@>25==> ?@>45<>=AB@8@>20= 2 5@A84A:>< 70;825 ?@8 ?@57845=B5 6.CH5, 0 ?@8 ?@57845=B5 .;8=B>=5 - 2 !><0;8, =0 08B8, 2 >B=>H5=8OE A 8B05< ?@8 @5H5=88 2>?@>A0 > 2>7>1=>2;5=88 AB0BCA0 @568<0 =081>;LH53> 1;03>?@8OBAB2>20=8O 2 B>@3>2;5, ?@8 22545=88 B>@3>2>3> M<10@3> ?@>B82 C1K 8 2 1K2H59 .3>A;0288. "5 D0:BK, GB> >?5@0F88 2 !><0;8 8 =0 08B8 =5 1K;8 CA?5H=K<8, 0<5@8:0=A:><C @C:>2>4AB2C ?@8H;>AL ?>9B8 =0 :><?@><8AA 2 >B=>H5=8OE A 8B05< 8 =5 ?>;CG8;0 ?>;=CN ?>445@6:C M:>=><8G5A:0O 0:F8O ?@>B82 C1K - ?>72>;8;8 :@8B8:0< :>=F5?F88 70O28BL > B><, GB> !>548=5==K5 (B0BK =0G0;8 ?@>2>48BL 0<18F8>7=CN ?>;8B8:C, =5 >B25G0NICN 4>;3>A@>G=K< AB@0B538G5A:8< 7040G0< !(.  F5;><, ?>;8B8:0 548=>2;0AB8O 8 48:B0B0 !( 1K;0 >1JO2;5=0 =5?@85<;5<>9 2 55 ?@54;>65==>9 8=B5@?@5B0F88 8 :>=F5?BC0;L=>< >D>@<;5=88, E>BO 8 <=>385 55 D>@<C;8@>2:8 1K;8 2:;NG5=K 2 4>:B@8=C ;8=B>=0. !" "/ &, !!" !(  %%I !"". 510BK ?> 2>?@>A0< 2=5H=59 ?>;8B8:8 !( ?@8>1@5;8 >A>1CN >AB@>BC 8 :>=F5?BC0;L=CN =0AKI5==>ABL 2 :>=F5 1994 3>40, :>340 2 E>45 2K1>@>2 2 :>=3@5AA @5A?C1;8:0=FK 2KABC?8;8 A @0725@=CB>9 2=5H=5?>;8B8G5A:>9 ?@>3@0<<>9.  ?>;5<8:C 2:;NG8;8AL ?>;8B8:8 8 CG5=K5 @07;8G=KE >@85=B0F89 8 273;O4>2. 5@54 M:A?5@B0<8, 70=8<02H8<8AO @07@01>B:>9 2=5H=5?>;8B8G5A:>9 AB@0B5388 4;O 04<8=8AB@0F88 ;8=B>=0, 1K;0 ?>AB02;5=0 7040G0 2K@01>B:8 >@838=0;L=>9 :>=F5?F88, 2 :>B>@>9 C65 8725AB=K5 8458 8 ?>4E>4K 4>;6=K 1K;8 ?>;CG8BL =>2CN 8=B5@?@5B0F8N. "@51>20;>AL 40BL =>2>5 B>;:>20=85 0<5@8:0=A:><C ;845@AB2C, A45;0BL 53> 1>;55 @50;8AB8G=K<, 1>;55 ?@8BO30B5;L=K< 4;O A>N7=8:>2 8 =5 2K7K20NI8< @57:>9 =530B82=>9 @50:F88 C >??>=5=B>2, A=OBL >A=>2=K5 ?C=:BK :@8B8:8 8 >128=5=8O 2 3535<>=87<5, 48:B0B5, 2>72@0B5 : 2@5<5=0< E>;>4=>9 2>9=K, 2 ?@5=51@565=88 : 2=CB@5==8< ?@>1;5<0<, M:>=><8G5A:8< D0:B>@0<. >45;L 2708<>459AB28O  1>;55 G5B:85 :>=BC@K =>2>9 AB@0B5388 ;8=B>=0. 01>B0 =04 2=5H=5?>;8B8G5A:>9 :>=F5?F859 =5 ?@5:@0I0;0AL =0 ?@>BO65=88 2A53> ?5@8>40 ?@02;5=8O 04<8=8AB@0F88 ;8=B>=0.  023CAB5 1993 3>40 2 @0<:0E !>25B0 0F8>=0;L=>9 57>?0A=>AB8 1K;0 A>740=0 A?5F80;L=0O 3@C??0 ?> @07@01>B:5 =>2>9 1>;LH>9 AB@0B5388 !( =0 ?5@8>4 ?>A;5 E>;>4=>9 2>9=K.  =55 2>H;8 - ?><>I=8: ?> =0F8>=0;L=>9 157>?0A=>AB8 -=B>=8 59:, A>B@C4=8:8 0??0@0B0 ! 65@5<8 >7=5@, 5>= $LNM@B, >=0;L4 !B59=15@3. 5<0;> CA8;89 1K;> =0?@02;5=> =0 ?>8A:8 C40G=>3> >1I53> =0720=8O 4>:B@8=K, :>B>@>5 1K >B25G0;> >A=>2>?>;030NI5<C ?>ABC;0BC >B A45@6820=8O : @0AH8@5=8N. "0:85 ?@54;0302H85AO B5@<8=K, :0: 45<>:@0B8G5A:89 M:A?0=A8>=87< 8;8 65AB:89 8=B5@=0F8>=0;87< 1K;8 >B25@3=CBK =0 B>< >A=>20=88, GB> >=8 0:F5=B8@>20;8 2=8<0=85 =0 A8;>2>< 0A?5:B5 ?>;8B8:8 !(, =0 <5B>40E 402;5=8O, ?>@>640;8 0=0;>388 A B5@<8=>;>3859 2@5<5= E>;>4=>9 2>9=K. AB0=>28;8AL =0 @0A?@>AB@0=5=88 45<>:@0B88 8 CG0AB88 2 ?@>F5AA0E AB@>8B5;LAB20 45<>:@0B8G5A:8E 8=AB8BCB>2 2 <8@5 8 @0728B8O @K=>G=>9 M:>=><8:8. !>25B=8: ?> =0F8>=0;L=>9 157>?0A=>AB8 @0AAG8BK20;, GB> =>20O AB@0B538O ?>72>;8B 5<C AK3@0BL @>;L, 0=0;>38G=CN B>9, :>B>@CN AK3@0; 6>@46 5==0= 2 3>4K E>;>4=>9 2>9=K. :F5=B 1K; A45;0= =0 G5BK@5E =0?@02;5=8OE 0<5@8:0=A:>9 ?>;8B8:8 ?@>42865=8O 45<>:@0B88 8 @K=>G=>9 M:>=><8:8: - C:@5?;5=85 A>>1I5AB20 AB@0= A @K=>G=>9 M:>=><8:>9; - ?>>I@5=85 8 C:@5?;5=85 =>2KE 45<>:@0B89 8 >1I5AB2 A @K=>G=>9 M:>=><8:>9 B0<, 345 4;O MB>3> 5ABL 2>7<>6=>AB8; - 1>@L10 A 03@5AA859 8 ?>445@6:0 ?@>F5AA>2 ;815@0;870F88 AB@0=, 2@06451=KE 45<>:@0B88; - >:070=85 ?>445@6:8 @0728B8N 45<>:@0B88 8 @K=>G=>9 M:>=><8:8 2 @538>=0E, 2K7K20NI8E =081>;LHCN B@52>3C. @54;>65==0O AB@0B538O >A2>1>640;0 !( >B 3;>10;87<0 2 ?>;8B8:5, ?>72>;O;0 A>A@54>B>G8BL CA8;8O B>;L:> =0 B5E @538>=0E, 345 C =8E 1K;8 AB@0B538G5A:85 8 M:>=><8G5A:85 8=B5@5AK. "0:>9 ?>4E>4 >A2>1>640; 04<8=8AB@0F8N 8 >B 1C4CI8E >H81>:, ?>4>1=KE =5C40G0< 2 !><0;8 8 =0 08B8. 081>;55 ?@82;5:0B5;L=K< 2 ?@54;>65==>9 AB@0B5388 4;O ?@57845=B0 ;8=B>=0 1K;0 C2O7:0 M:>=><8G5A:8E 8 2=5H=5?>;8B8G5A:8E 7040G, 0 B0:65 ?5@A?5:B820 A>E@0=5=8O ;848@CNI53> ?>;>65=8O !( 2 <8@>2>< M:A?>@B5.  8N;5 1994 3>40, ?> =0AB>O=8N ?@57845=B0, :>=F5?F8O 1K;0 >D>@<;5=0 2 =>2K9 4>:C<5=B ! !B@0B538O =0F8>=0;L=>9 157>?0A=>AB8 CG0AB8O 8 @0AH8@5=8O (Nationa1 Security Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement). A=>2=K< ?>;>65=85< 4>:C<5=B0 1K;> CB25@645=85 > B><, GB> 3@0=8FK <564C 2=CB@5==59 8 2=5H=59 ?>;8B8:>9 8AG570NB, C:@5?;5=85 >B5G5AB25==>9 M:>=><8:8 =5>1E>48<> 4;O ?>445@60=8O 2>5==>9 <>I8, ?@>2545=8O 2=5H=59 ?>;8B8:8 8 ?>445@60=8O <8@>2>3> 2;8O=8O !(, 0 0:B82=0O <564C=0@>4=0O 45OB5;L=>ABL =5>1E>48<0 4;O >B:@KB8O 8=>AB@0==KE @K=:>2 8 >15A?5G5=8O =>2KE @01>G8E <5AB 4;O 0<5@8:0=F52. -.59:, A>25B=8: ?> =0F8>=0;L=>9 157>?0A=>AB8, ?@8;>68; =5<0;> CA8;89 4;O ?@87=0=8O @07@01>B0==>3> ?>4E>40 >D8F80;L=>9 AB@0B53859 04<8=8AB@0F88. 0 MB> CH;> ?>GB8 420 3>40: 2 D52@0;5 1995 8 D52@0;5 1996 33. 3>40 5;K9 >< ?@54AB028; 420 4>:;040, A>AB02;5==K5 =0 >A=>25 =>2>3> 4>:C<5=B0 !. > 2=5H=5M:>=><8G5A:>9 >1;0AB8 =0 MB> 1K;0 =0?@02;5=0 45OB5;L=>ABL 28F5-?@57845=B0 !( ;15@B0 >@0, 3;02=>9 F5;LN :>B>@>9 1K;> @0A?@>AB@0=5=85 8459 8 8=AB8BCB>2 A2>1>4=>9 B>@3>2;8, C:@5?;5=85 B>@3>2KE A>3;0H5=89 8 A>N7>2, ?>4>1=KE $" 8 "".  AD5@5 2=5H=59 ?>;8B8:8 0:B82=> 459AB2>20;0 04;5= ;1@09B, A=0G0;0 :0: ?>AB>O==K9 ?@54AB028B5;L !( 2 , 0 70B5< 8 :0: 3>AA5:@5B0@L !(. <5@8:0=A:85 M:A?5@BK AG8B0NB, GB> =07=0G5=85 . ;1@09B =0 ?>AB 3>AA5:@5B0@O !( 2 7=0G8B5;L=>9 AB5?5=8 >?@545;O;>AL =5 B>;L:> 55 ;8G=K<8 A2O7O<8 2 04<8=8AB@0F88, => 8 =5>1E>48<>ABLN 8<5BL G5;>25:0, 25@OI53> 2 ?@54;0305<CN AB@0B538N 8 3>B>2>3> 65AB:> ?@>2>48BL 55 2 687=L. K2H53> A5:@5B0@O #. @8AB>D5@0 C?@5:0;8 2 =5@5H8B5;L=>AB8 8 87;8H=59 <O3:>AB8. .;1@09B C40;>AL 4>18BLAO <=>3>3>: >=0 0:B82=> 2:;NG8;0AL 2 :0<?0=8N :@8B8:8 45OB5;L=>AB8 , D0:B8G5A:8 459AB2CO 2 A>N75 A @5A?C1;8:0=F0<8 2 :>=3@5AA5, :>B>@K5 A45;0;8 87  :>7;0 >B?CI5=8O 70 =5C40G8 2 @07@5H5=88 <564C=0@>4=KE :>=D;8:B>2. =0 2KABC?8;0 70 ?@8<5=5=85 2>5==>9 A8;K 2 C@53C;8@>20=88 :>=D;8:B>2, 2 G0AB=>AB8, 2 1K2H59 .3>A;0288, 2>73;028;0 65AB:CN ;8=8N ?> @0AH8@5=8N " 8 A>740=8N B@0=A0B;0=B8G5A:>3> A>>1I5AB20. 0AH8@5=85 " 1K;> >1JO2;5=> 7040G59 =><5@ 1. >:B@8=0 ;8=B>=0, ?> >?@545;5=8N 70<5AB8B5;O 3>AA5:@5B0@O !B@>C10 "M;1>B0, A>548=8;0 2 A515 ?@03<0B8G5A:89 @50;87< 8 @07C<=K9 8450;87<, 0 B0:65 8458 @0A?@>AB@0=5=8O 45<>:@0B88 8 35>M:>=><8:C. 2. 845@AB2> !(  70;>3 157>?0A=>3> 8 ?@>F25B0NI53> <8@0. >1540 =0 2K1>@0E 1996 3>40 1K;0 @0AF5=5=0 04<8=8AB@0F859 ;8=B>=0 :0: =0F8>=0;L=>5 ?@87=0=85 2K428=CB>9 2=5H=5?>;8B8G5A:>9 AB@0B5388 !>548=5==KE (B0B>2 =5 B>;L:> =0 :>=5F 20 25:0, => 8 =0 3@O4CI55 AB>;5B85.  4>?>;=5=85 : C65 >1=0@>4>20==K< 4>:C<5=B0<, 2 <05 1997 5;K9 >< ?@54AB028; 5I5 >48= 206=K9 4>:;04 - !B@0B538O =0F8>=0;L=>9 157>?0A=>AB8 2 =>2>< AB>;5B88 ( National Security Strategy for 0 New Century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fjPn p PRfhl%&d33S`T UY~r"tFw|HހR˜ʘx(*ƣȣVҨN~tr CJmH sH 6CJ5CJOJQJ6CJOJQJ5CJOJQJ 56>*CJ56CJmH sH  56CJ CJOJQJCJJ.Pp ^ PRfhV"X"l%&&'((N+P+--$a$$a$$a$2f-r/t/66 ;";BBTGVGPKRKpPrPRSS`T UYYaahhiirktk$a$tkppqquuDwFw||HހzZ̎ΎPRvx(*$a$$a$*ƣȣV|.0HJ|~bdԻֻ@B4$a$$a$LN~`bNPprJL$0^0a$$a$$a$  $&:<BDZ`0~*,28>@N<Vp"##0%D'(7H8Z>B@\BxCFH"IJLNFOQhR`VW]^T^V^6ffijfmmFnoor\tuuxxy6OJQJ]6:OJQJ]>*CJOJQJ5CJOJQJ CJOJQJ>*CJ5CJ CJmH sH CJNJL.0<>TV,VX$   < $a$$^a$^$a$< > TVB'D',,3377H8J8>9@9p:r:;;<<CC I$a$ I"INNFOHOOOPP,S.STT*]]T^V^0f2fiiPmRm $^`a$$^a$ $^`a$ ^`Rmoorrxxyyy||RTҊԊ $^`a$$^a$ $^`a$ ^`$ & F h^a$ $^`a$ ^`$a$ $^`a$Ԋ ؜ڜz|fhLN"HJ^$a$ $^`a$ $^`a$fhL":Hm "24@BDHJVX\^`fh0JmHnHu0J j0JU56CJmH sH  56CJ6CJmH sH 6CJ5CJCJ CJOJQJ ,2DFH`bdfh&`#$x $^`a$ &P . A!"S#n$n% i2@2 1KG=K9_HmHsHtHL@L 03>;>2>: 1$<@&5CJKHOJQJJ@J 03>;>2>: 2$<@&56CJOJQJD@D 03>;>2>: 3$<@& CJOJQJ:A@: A=>2=>9 H@8DB 0170F00/@0 !?8A>:^`42@4 !?8A>: 26^6`43@4 !?8A>: 3Q^Q`B0@"B 0@:8@>20==K9 A?8A>:$a$J6@2J 0@:8@>20==K9 A?8A>: 2$a$CJDD@BD @>4>;65=85 A?8A:0x^J>@RJ 0720=85$<@&a$5CJ KHOJQJ4B@b4 A=>2=>9 B5:ABxRC@rR A=>2=>9 B5:AB A >BABC?><x^FJ@F >4703>;>2>:$<@&a$ CJOJQJBP@B A=>2=>9 B5:AB 2$a$OJQJFQ@F A=>2=>9 B5:AB 3$a$ 5OJQJB @B 86=89 :>;>=B8BC;  E$,)@, ><5@ AB@0=8FKi "& "& "& "& "& "& "& "& "& "& "& "& "& "& "& "& "& +)7aFuTKaZn{BЗ\߲YJiF |O^ h  G  s}H(()3 4  +, uv^_[\!!##8&9&''0((**..K2L22233N6O6668899 < <=$>o>>?AAfEgEGG(J)JKKNNOO+P{P>RTTUUVV$X%XXXIZJZ1[2[[[\\^^bb^c_c&g'gggii0m1mmmmmYnZnnnRoSoRqSqss%v&vAxBxzz{{{T~U~~~*+BCÁwm܌݌qrϗЗ$%89כ؛qr[\uvlm*+߲еѵLMSTݺ޺ߺij)*ijlmST34BVW$%cd,NWXYefgj000000000000)0)0)0)0)0)0)0000000000000000000000000)0'0'0'0'0'0'0'0'0'0'0'0'0'0'0'0'0'0'0'0'0'0'0'0)0$>0$>0$>0$>0$>0$>0$>0$>0$>0$>0$>0$>0$>0$>0$>0$>0)0O0O0O0O0O0O0O0O0O0O0O0O0O0O0O0O0O0O0O0O0O0O0O0O00b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000@0@0@00@0@0  h-tk*<  IRmԊhf !!/5?G/7x   r!)<IL&]&88?#?AIJI JJQQ0S=S^__#_ebmbddddffhgpg8h@h6iRTVV__cc]cNVYdgj:w55+/,MNj BoNuS PaCkA:\KLINTON.DOC BoNuS PaCkA:\KLINTON.DOC BoNuS PaCkA:\KLINTON.DOC BoNuS PaCkA:\KLINTON.DOC BoNuS PaCkA:\KLINTON.DOC BoNuS PaCk%C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\2B>:>?8O KLINTON.asd BoNuS PaCkA:\KLINTON.DOC BoNuS PaCkA:\KLINTON.DOC AlexanderC:\>8 4>:C<5=BK\KLINTON.DOC AlexanderA:\KLINTON.DOC:I$_f 6*@K, ^`OJQJo( hh^h`OJQJo(hh^h`o(.^`o()*@K_f 6j@Canon Bubble-Jet BJ-200LPT1:CANON800Canon Bubble-Jet BJ-200Canon Bubble-Jet BJ-200@f yyhh@MSUDCanon Bubble-Jet BJ-200dCanon Bubble-Jet BJ-200@f yyhh@MSUDCanon Bubble-Jet BJ-200d55d5&<>NP[r5i````"`&`P`|```````8`F`f``@`UnknownG:Times New Roman5Symbol3& :ArialWAcademyTimes New Roman"AD+Df;|0T"d!0LݺG !B5?0=>2 !5@359 8:>;0528G Alexander Oh+'0$4 HT p |  H   Normal Alexander48xMicrosoft Word 9.0@Ќ@@dC枿@ *T" ՜.+,04 hp|   dL2 H    !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~     !"#$%&',Root Entry Ffº.1Table/WordDocument"SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8 CompObjjObjectPoolfºfº  F Microsoft Word MSWordDocWord.Document.89q