ࡱ> Y[VWX[ 3bjbj1Vjjl^^^^^^^r8888Tlr0 0"0"0"0"0"0"0$c1 3TF0!^F0*^^g0***^^ 0* 0** 0^^ 0 :Ir8&" 0 0}000 03):3 0*rr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ex humana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c0, :>B>@K9 C65 402=> ?>4<5B8;, GB> 3@C10O A8;0, 2 >B;8G85 >B ?@87=0==>3> 02B>@8B5B0, 8<55B "45D;OF8>==K9" E0@0:B5@, B.5. G5< 1>;LH5 55 8A?>;L7>20BL, B5< 1>;LH5 AB@0405B 02B>@8B5B AB@0=K 55 8A?>;L7CNI59. 0:0B 8<?5@88. $@0=FC7A:89 MAA58AB -<<0=CM;L ">44 25@8B, GB> 4>;3>A@>G=K9 C?04>: !(, ?@54A:070==K9 M==>< 8 0@15@><, C65 =0G0;AO.  A2>59 :=835 "045=85 0<5@8:0=A:>9 8<?5@88: GB> 40;LH5?" MB>B 02B>@ CB25@6405B, GB> 35>?>;8B8G5A:>5 7=0G5=85 !( AB@5<8B5;L=> C<5=LH05BAO. -@0 3>A?>4AB20 !( C65 70:0=G8205BAO, 0 =5 =0G8=05BAO. 0H8=3B>= <>65B 8 E>G5B AB>OBL 2> 3;025 ;815@0;L=>9 8<?5@88, 0 <8@>20O >1I5AB25==>ABL A?>A>1=0 8 2A5 1>;LH5 65;05B >B25@=CBLAO >B 2A5 <5=55 206=>9 <5@8:8. !2>8 ?@>3=>7K ">44 >A=>2K205B =0 ;N1>?KB=><, E>BO 8 AB@0==><, 2845=88 3;>10;L=>9 A>F8>-M:>=><8G5A:>9 B@0=AD>@<0F88. = ?@87=05B, GB> !( 83@0;8 206=59HCN @>;L 2 AB@>8B5;LAB25 3;>10;L=>9 M:>=><8:8 2 B5G5=85 =5A:>;L:8E ;5B ?>A;5 2B>@>9 <8@>2>9 2>9=K. 4=0:> 2 E>45 MB>3> ?@>F5AA0, ?>;0305B ">44, 2 2@>?5 8 788 2>7=8:;8 =>2K5 F5=B@K 2;0AB8, 8<5NI85 A2>8, 70G0ABCN =5>48=0:>2K5, 8=B5@5AK 8 F5==>AB8, 2 B> 2@5<O :0: M:>=><8:0 8 >1I5AB2> 2 A0<>9 <5@8:5 >A;01;8 8 ?@8H;8 2 C?04>:. !;01K< <5AB>< 0<5@8:0=A:>9 45@602K O2;O5BAO =565;0=85 <8@8BLAO A 65@B20<8 8 8745@6:0<8, A2O70==K<8 A ?5@5AB@>9:>9 >1I5AB2, 2 :>B>@K5 >=0 2B>@305BAO. 564C B5<, ?> <5@5 >A;01;5=8O 8 2K@>645=8O 45<>:@0B88 2 !(, 55 @0A?@>AB@0=5=85 2 <8@5 >1CA;>28;> D>@<8@>20=85 A8;, >??>78F8>==> =0AB@>5==KE ?> >B=>H5=8N : 0H8=3B>=C. 0: 2K@078;AO A0< 02B>@, "2 B> 2@5<O :0: >AB0;L=>9 <8@, =0E>4OI89AO 2 ?@>F5AA5 AB018;870F88 1;03>40@O C;CGH5=8N 2 A8AB5<5 >1@07>20=8O, 45<>3@0D8G5A:>9 A8BC0F88 8 C:@5?;5=8O 45<>:@0B8G5A:8E 8=AB8BCB>2 8 A2>1>4, =0E>48BAO =0 ?>@>35 >A>7=0=8O, GB> >= <>65B >1>9B8AL 8 157 <5@8:8, A0<0 <5@8:0 ?>=8<05B, GB> =5 A<>65B ACI5AB2>20BL 157 <8@>2>3> A>>1I5AB20". 7 CB25@645=8O > B><, GB> <5@8:0 O2;O5BAO "M:>=><8G5A:8 7028A8<>9 8 ?>;8B8G5A:8 15A?>;57=>9" A;54C5B 420 ;>38G5A:8E 70:;NG5=8O. 5@2>5: !( AB0=>2OBAO M:>=><8G5A:8< E8I=8:><, ?>445@6820O A2>5 ACI5AB2>20=85 70 AG5B @0720;820NI59AO A8AB5<K "A1>@0 40=8". =8 ?>B5@O;8 A?>A>1=>ABL 872;5:0BL A>1AB25==CN 2K3>4C 87 M:>=><8G5A:8E CA?5E>2 4@C38E >1I5AB2. B>@>5: >A;01;5==K5 !>548=5==K5 (B0BK 1C4CB 2K=C645=K ?@81530BL : 1>;55 >BG0O==K< 8 03@5AA82=K< 459AB28O<, GB>1K C45@60BL ?>78F88 3535<>=0. ">44 CA<0B@8205B ?>4>1=K5 459AB28O 2 8@0:A:>9 2>9=5, :>=D@>=B0F88 A @0=>< 8 !525@=>9 >@559. 59AB28B5;L=>, 2 >4=>< 87 A2>8E 70O2;5=89, ">44 CB25@6405B, GB> 872@0I5=85 0<5@8:0=A:>9 45<>:@0B88 405B =0G0;> D>@<8@>20=8N ?@0:B8G5A:8 15A:>=B@>;L=>3> ?@02OI53> :;0AA0, :>B>@K9 1C45B 5I5 <5=55 A45@60= 2 8A?>;L7>20=88 2>5==>9 A8;K ?@>B82 4@C38E 45<>:@0B8G5A:8E AB@0=, =5 8A:;NG0O AB@0= 52@>?59A:8E. ;O ">440, 2A5 MB8 O2;5=8O A2845B5;LAB2CNB > @0720;5 0<5@8:0=A:>9 8<?5@88. B4048< 02B>@C 4>;6=>5: >= ?@02 2 B><, GB> A?>A>1=>ABL :0:>3> 1K B> =8 1K;> 3>AC40@AB20 : 4><8=8@>20=8N =0 <564C=0@>4=>9 0@5=5 ?@O<> ?@>?>@F8>=0;L=0 53> M:>=><8G5A:><C ?>B5=F80;C. > <5@5 M:>=><8G5A:>3> C:@5?;5=8O 4@C38E AB@0= >4=>?>;O@=K9 <8@, 2 :>B>@>< 4><8=8@CNB !(, <>65B CABC?8BL <5AB> =>2><C 10;0=AC A8;. >, 2>?@5:8 4803=>7C ">440, !( A>E@0=ONB 70 A>1>9 =5>A?>@8<K5 A>F8>-M:>=><8G5A:85 ?@58<CI5AB20.  53> 70O2;5=85 > B><, GB> 0<5@8:0=A:0O 45<>:@0B8O >:070;0AL 2 @C:0E :CG:8 0;G=KE >;830@E>2 4;O <=>38E :065BAO AB@0==K<. 081>;LH53> 2=8<0=8O, >4=0:>, 70A;C68205B CB25@645=85 02B>@0 > B><, GB> >AA8O 8 4@C385 25;8:85 45@602K A>18@0NBAO >@30=87>20BL =5:>5 ?>4>185 ?@>B82>25A0 <>I8 !(. #2K, >=> ?@>AB> =5 C:;04K205BAO 2 35>?>;8B8G5A:85 @50;88. 2@>?0, /?>=8O, >AA8O 8 8B09 AB@5<8;8AL 8 AB@5<OBAO : AB@0B538G5A:><C ?@52>AE>4AB2C =04 <5@8:>9, 0 =5 ?@>AB> : ?@>B82>AB>O=8N 59. =8 AB@5<OBAO >1@5AB8 2;8O=85 8 ?@8A?>A>18BLAO : CA;>28O< =K=5H=53> <8@>?>@O4:0, =5 ?KB0OAL 53> 87<5=8BL.  459AB28B5;L=>AB8, 25;8:85 45@602K >15A?>:>5=K ?5@A?5:B82>9 >1>A>1;5==>AB8 8 87>;OF8>=87<0 <5@8:8, G5< 55 AB@5<;5=85< : <8@>2><C 3>A?>4AB2C. >=5G=>, 1>;LH0O G0ABL :@8B8:8 2 04@5A C=8;0B5@0;8AB8G5A:>9 ?>;8B8:8 !( >B@0605B >701>G5==>ABL ?> ?>2>4C B>3>, GB> !( ?5@5AB0=CB >15A?5G820BL 157>?0A=>ABL 8 AB018;L=>ABL, 0 =5 =04564C, GB> >=8 453@048@CNB 8 8AG57=CB A ;8F0 5<;8. !>548=5==K5 (B0BK ?@>2>4OB 8<?5@A:CN ?>;8B8:C, >A>15==> ?> >B=>H5=8N : A;01K< AB@0=0< =0 ?5@8D5@88. 4=0:> ?>;8B8:C !( ?> >B=>H5=8N : 2@>?5, /?>=88, 8B0N 8 >AA88 5420 ;8 <>6=> =0720BL 8<?5@A:>9, 4065 5A;8 A;>2> "8<?5@A:0O" A<O3G8BL ?@8AB02:>9 "=5>" 8;8 ?@8A>2>:C?8BL A;>2> ";815@0;L=0O". 0728BK5 45<>:@0B8G5A:85 AB@0=K 2E>4OB 2 A>AB02 B.=. "A>>1I5AB20 2708<=>3> >15A?5G5=8O 157>?0A=>AB8", 2 :>B>@>< C3@>70 ?@8<5=5=8O A8;K ?@>AB> =5<KA;8<0. -B8 AB@0=K B5A=> A2O70=K M:>=><8G5A:8. <5AB5 >=8 D>@<8@CNB ?>;8B8G5A:89 ?>@O4>:, :>B>@K9 45@68BAO =0 2708<>2K3>4=KE B>@3>2KE >B=>H5=8OE, B5A=59H5< 2708<>459AB288, F5;>< @O45 <56?@028B5;LAB25==KE 8=AB8BCB>2 8 A?5F80;L=KE @01>G8E A2O7OE. -B> =5 8<?5@8O, MB> <8@>?>@O4>: ?@8 ;845@AB25 !(, :>B>@K9 =5 8<55B =0720=8O 8 8AB>@8G5A:8E 0=0;>3>2. >=5G=>, =5>:>=A5@20B>@K 2 0H8=3B>=5 >B:@KB> ?@>?>254CNB A2>N 25@A8N 8<?5@88: M@0 <8@>2>3> 3>A?>4AB20, 70 AG5B A<5;>3> ?@8<5=5=8O 2>5==>9 A8;K, ?>AB5?5==>5 >A2>1>645=85 >B ?CB =5>1E>48<>AB8 ?@8=8<0BL @5H5=8O ?@8 A>3;0A>20=88 A 4@C38<8 AB@0=0<8 8 @5H8B5;L=K5 CA8;8O ?> @0A?@>AB@0=5=8N A2>1>4K 8 45<>:@0B88. 4=0:> B0:85 8458 1078@CNBAO =0 8;;N7>@=KE ?@54AB02;5=8OE > <>I8 <5@8:8. "5, :B> ?@845@68205BAO ?>4>1=KE ?@54AB02;5=89, =5 ?>=8<0NB 7=0G5=8O A>B@C4=8G5AB20 8 =5 7=0NB ?@028; ?@8<5=5=8O 8 A>E@0=5=8O B0:>9 <>I8. A;8 <5@8:0 ?>945B ?> MB><C ?CB8, >=0 ;8H8B A51O ;538B8<=>AB8 :0: 8A:;NG8B5;L=>9 <8@>2>9 45@602K 8 A5@L57=> ?>4>@25B A2>9 02B>@8B5B, :>B>@K9 78645BAO =0 MB>9 ;538B8<=>AB8.  :>=F5 :>=F>2, =5>:>=A5@20B>@K ?>:0 <>;G0B > 3;>10;L=KE ?@>1;5<0E 8 2>7<>6=>ABOE, AB>OI8E ?5@54 !(.  :0: >B<5G05B $5@3NA>=, 0<5@8:0=A:0O >1I5AB25==>ABL =5 8<55B 65;0=8O A>45@60BL :>;>=88 8;8 2720;820BL =0 A51O 1@5<O C?@02;5=8O 3;>10;L=>9 8<?5@859. "0:8< >1@07><, <>6=> 3>2>@8BL >1 >?@545;5==KE D0:B>@0E, A45@6820NI8E 8<?5@A:85 ?@8BO70=8O <5@8:8, 4065 2 CA;>28OE >4=>?>;O@=>3> <8@0.  :>=5G=>< 8B>35, A?>@K >1 8<?5@88 ?>G5<C-B> >1E>4OB 2=8<0=85< =081>;55 206=>5 <564C=0@>4=>5 A>1KB85 ?>A;54=8E ;5B: 4>;389 <8@ <564C :@C?=59H8<8 45@6020<8, :>B>@K9, :0: AG8B0NB =5:>B>@K5 CG5=K5, A2845B5;LAB2C5B >1 >:>=G0=88 M@K 2>9= 25;8:8E 45@602. 0?8B0;87<, 45<>:@0B8O 8 O45@=>5 >@C685 - G0AB8G=>5 B><C >1JOA=5=85. > MB>B <8@ B0:65 AB0; 2>7<>6=K< 8 1;03>40@O C=8:0;L=>9 2=5H=59 ?>;8B8:5 <5@8:8, :>B>@0O O28;0AL 5420 ;8 =5 A0<K< 206=K< D0:B>@>< ?>AB@>5=8O ACI5AB2CNI53> <8@>2>3> ?>@O4:0. #A?5E !( 15@5B A2>5 =0G0;> A A>740=8O 8 @0AH8@5=8O <564C=0@>4=KE 8=AB8BCB>2, >3@0=8G820NI8E 8 ;538B8<878@CNI8E 2;0ABL <5@8:8. !( 2 =0AB>OI55 2@5<O AB>;:=C;8AL A 48;5<<>9: GB> 2K1@0BL - ;815@0;L=>5 8;8 8<?5@A:>5 =0?@02;5=85? 10 AB@5<;5=8O 8<5NB 3;C1>:85 :>@=8 2 B5;5 0<5@8:0=A:>9 3>AC40@AB25==>AB8. 4=0:> A5@L57=K5 >?0A=>AB8 8 :@C?=K5 8745@6:8 <8@>2>3> ;845@AB20 2 :0G5AB25 8<?5@88 >G5284=K, 25@0 65 0<5@8:0=A:8E 3@0640= 2 70:>==>ABL =5?>:>;518<0. >;55 25@>OB=>, GB> 0<5@8:0=FK >:06CBAO <5=55 708=B5@5A>20=K 2 <8@>2>< 3>A?>4AB25, G5< 2 A>740=88 <8@0, DC=:F8>=8@CNI53> ?> ?@028;0<. 4<8=8AB@0F8N . CH0 15A?>:>8B B> >1AB>OB5;LAB2>, GB> ">20O 2@>?0" A ?@8=OB85< :>=AB8BCF88 ! CB@0B8B 2>7<>6=>ABL >:07K20BL, ?> >?@545;5=8N 3075BK "The New York Times", =57028A8<CN, =5 3>2>@O C65 =0456=CN, ?>445@6:C !>548=5==K< (B0B0<. 075B0 ?>A5B>20;0: "4065 4> ?@8=OB8O :>=AB8BCF88 2@>?59A:89 A>N7 CI5<;O5B 8=B5@5AK !(. 3> B>@3>20O 1N@>:@0B8O 2 =5:>B>@KE A;CG0OE =5>4>1@8B5;L=> >B=>A8BAO : A;8O=8N =5:>B>@KE 0<5@8:0=A:8E :><?0=89 8 2>7;0305B >3@><=K5 HB@0DK =0 4@C385... =5 @0<>: " A>7405BAO =>20O 02B>=><=0O 52@>?59A:0O 0@<8O. =0 =587156=> =0G=5B ?5@5BO3820BL =0 A51O @5AC@AK 8 8=K<8 A?>A>10<8 ?>4@K20BL B@0=A0B;0=B8G5A:89 0;LO=A".  4>?>;=5=85 : 2KH5A:070==><C 02B>@ 405B A>25B: "4<8=8AB@0F8O CH0 4>;6=0 ?><>GL >;LH5, 5;8:>1@8B0=88 8 4@C38< A2>8< @50;L=K< 70>:50=A:8< 4@C7LO< 704CH8BL MB>3> <>=AB@0, !B0@CN 2@>?C, 2 55 ;>3>25". ?0A5=8O 0<5@8:0=F52 =5 15A?>G25==K. > 40==K< " -"!! 87 @NAA5;O, ! ?>AB028; 7040GC : 2007 3. A>740BL 8-9 2KA>:><>18;L=KE 3@C??8@>2>: 52@>?59A:8E A8; 1KAB@>3> @5038@>20=8O G8A;5==>ABLN ?> 60 BKA. G5;, A ?>4:;NG5=85< : =8< ?>4@0745;5=89 ! 8 !. >=5G=0O F5;L - 4>AB865=85 C@>2=O, ?>72>;ONI53> ?@>2>48BL A0<>AB>OB5;L=K5 >?5@0F88.  2>7<>6=>< @538>=5 8A?>;L7>20=8O B0:8E 3@C??8@>2>: 3>2>@OB CG0AB82H85AO 2 ?>A;54=55 2@5<O 70O2;5=8O 2@>A>N70 > 3>B>2=>AB8 ?@8=OBL CG0AB85 2 "<8@>B2>@G5AB25" 2 @84=5AB@>2L5, 1E0788, 03>@=>< 0@010E5 8 B. 4. >E>65, ! 65;05B A>AB028BL :>=:C@5=F8N !( 2 >A2>5=88 ?>ABA>25BA:>3> ?@>AB@0=AB20.  AB@0=0E 2@>A>N70 ?@>H;8 B>@65AB25==K5 <5@>?@8OB8O 8 =0@>4=K5 3C;O=8O 2 A2O78 A ?@85<>< 2 A2>8 @O4K =>2KE 45AOB8 AB@0=.  C1;8=5 ?@074=8: 1K; ><@0G5= <0AA>2K<8 2KABC?;5=8O<8 0=B83;>10;8AB>2.  0@H025 B0:65 8<5;0 <5AB> 45<>=AB@0F8O ?@>B82=8:>2 2E>645=8O 2 !. ;>10;870F8O M:>=><8:8 -:>=><8G5A:85 :@878AK ?>A;54=8E 45AOB8;5B89 2K720;8 B@5I8=K 2 <8@>2>9 D8=0=A>2>9 0@E8B5:BC@5 8 ?@825;8 : 45AB018;870F88 @53C;8@>20=8O 3;>10;L=KE ?@>F5AA>2 2 <8@>2>9 M:>=><8:5. -B> C65 =5 ?5@20O =5C402H0OAO ?>?KB:0 3;>10;870F88. 5@20O 8<5;0 <5AB> 2 1850-1910 33.  B>B 7>;>B>9 25: =5 B@51>20;>AL ?0A?>@B>2 8 287, <>6=> 1K;> 8=25AB8@>20BL 2 ;N1K5 AB@0=K 8 70=8<0BLAO 8<?>@B>< ?@0:B8G5A:8 87 ;N1KE <5AB. 0:>=G8;>AL 2A5 MB> 2>9=0<8, @52>;NF8O<8, 0=0@E859, <8;8B0@87<><, 5;8:>9 45?@5AA859, >120;0<8 =0 D8=0=A>2KE @K=:0E 8 A25@BK20=85< <8@>2>9 B>@3>2;8. >;;0?A A8AB5<K 20;NB=>3> ?0@8B5B0 8 :C<C;OB82=K5 4>;3>2K5 :@0E8 80-E 33. 4204F0B>3> AB>;5B8O 4>;6=K 1K;8 70AB028BL <8@>2>5 A>>1I5AB2> 2A?><=8BL >1 C@>:0E 8AB>@88. 4=0:> MB>3> =5 ?@>87>H;>. > ?>A;54=53> 2@5<5=8 ?5@5:0G:0 A@54AB2 87 @0728BKE AB@0= =0 ?5@8D5@8N =5 ?@5425I0;0 =8:0:8E >B@8F0B5;L=KE ?>A;54AB289. K; ?5@8>4 (1994 3.), :>340 1>;55 50% ?@8B>:0 2> 2708<=K5 D>=4K, =0?@8<5@ !(, ?5@5B5:0;> 70B5< 2 D>=4K @072820NI8EAO AB@0= 8 AB@0= A ?5@5E>4=>9 M:>=><8:>9. >A;5 8725AB=KE :@878A=KE A>1KB89 2 788 :0?8B0; "?>1560;" A ?5@8D5@88.  A=0G0;0 MB> 1K;> 2K3>4=> F5=B@0;L=K< D8=0=A>2K< @K=:0<, ?>A:>;L:C ?@8B>: 45H52>3> 8<?>@B0 ?><>30; 45@60BL 8=D;OF8N ?>4 :>=B@>;5<, 8 D>=4>2K5 @K=:8 2A5 B0: 65 ?@>F25B0;8. > ?@>4>;60BLAO MB> 4>;3> =5 <>3;>, E>BO =8:B> =5 >6840;, GB> :>=5F MB><C ?>;>68B 8<5==> >AA8O. 0A ?@>AB> "=54>>F5=8;8". 5A?>A>1=>ABL <564C=0@>4=KE D8=0=A>2KE >@30=870F89 C45@60BL A8BC0F8N 2 A2>8E @C:0E ?@825;0 : 4578=B53@0F88 <8@>2>9 20;NB=>9 A8AB5<K. @>3@0<<K $ A@01>B0;8 >G5=L A;01>, =5A<>B@O =0 B>, GB> D>=4 1K; ?>B5=F80;L=> ?@8720= >:07K20BL >3@><=>5 2;8O=85 =0 2AN <8@>2CN 20;NB=CN A8AB5<C, ?>A:>;L:C 53> =>@<K @53C;8@>20=8O =5?>A@54AB25==> >B@060NBAO =0 42865=88 AAC4=KE :0?8B0;>2 2 <8@>2>< E>7O9AB25. ! :>=F0 1997 3. D>=4 2K45;8; >:>;> 200 <;@4. 4>;;. 4;O M:>=><8: "08;0=40, .6=>9 >@58, =4>=5788, >AA88 8 4@C38E AB@0=, => 5<C B0: 8 =5 C40;>AL E>BO 1K =5<=>3> AB018;878@>20BL 20;NBK MB8E AB@0= 2 :0G5AB25 ?5@2>3> H030 2KE>40 87 65AB:>3> M:>=><8G5A:>3> :@878A0.  ?@8G8=0 =5 B>;L:> 2 C;LB8<0B82=KE ?@82O7:0E : @5D>@<0<, => 8 2 >B?CI5==KE =0 =8E =5@50;L=> :>@>B:8E A@>:0E.  @57C;LB0B5 <=>385 AB@0=K, 2:;NG0O >AA8N, A;54CNI8E B@0=H59 ?@>AB> =5 ?>;CG8;8. "><>IL" $ >:070;0AL G@520B0 M:>=><8G5A:>9, A>F80;L=>9 8 D8=0=A>2>9 :0B0AB@>D>9 4;O AB@0=, :>B>@K< >=0 ?@54=07=0G0;0AL. 0: 2KOA=8;>AL, 2K83@K20NB >B =55 B>;L:> G0AB=K5 8=25AB>@K. K45;OO =0 B0:85 0:F88 15A?@5F545=B=K5 AC<<K, $ 2 :064>< A;CG05, :0: 1K 2 =0:070=85, B@51>20; 22545=8O 2KA>:8E ?@>F5=B=KE AB02>:, GB>1K 70I8B8BL 20;NB=K9 :C@A, CA8;5=8O 402;5=8O =0 @50;L=K9 A5:B>@ M:>=><8:8, 65AB:8E 1N465B=KE A>:@0I5=89, ?@82>4OI8E : A=865=8N C@>2=O 687=8 =0A5;5=8O. >;55 B>3>, =5045:20B=> ?>25;8 A51O A0<8 D8=0=A>2K5 @K=:8: >=8 >B:070;8AL >B ;N1>3> 2<5H0B5;LAB20 3>AC40@AB25==KE >@30=>2 =0 =0G0;L=>9 AB0488, >AB0282 2 B> 65 2@5<O 70 ?>A;54=8<8 ?@02> ?@8=8<0BL =5>1E>48<K5 <5@K ?@8 :0@48=0;L=>< CEC4H5=88 A8BC0F88.  <8@5 =0<5B8;AO 3;>10;L=K9 ?@>F5AA M:>=><8G5A:>9, 20;NB=>9 8 D8=0=A>2>9 4578=B53@0F88. 3> =0G0;L=0O D070 >7=0<5=>20;0AL A5@859 D8=0=A>2KE :0B0AB@>D 2 .3>->AB>G=>9 788. @><56CB>G=0O - 023CAB>2A:8< (1998 3>40) 45D>;B>< >AA88. , =0:>=5F, 4@0<0B8G5A:89 :@0E 1@078;LA:>3> @50;0 =C6=> @0AA<0B@820BL :0: A>1KB85, 7=0<5=CNI55 =0ABC?;5=85 7025@H0NI59 D07K. !CI5AB2C5B B>;L:> >48= A?>A>1 >AB0=>28BL F5?=CN @50:F8N 153AB20 :0?8B0;0: MB> =5<54;5==>5 22545=85 20;NB=>3> 8 18@652>3> @53C;8@>20=8O, 70 :>B>@K< 4>;6=K ?>A;54>20BL H038 ?> CAB0=>2;5=8N =>2>3> <564C=0@>4=>3> 20;NB=>3> ?>@O4:0, 0=0;>38G=>3> A8AB5<5 @5BB>=-C4A0, ACI5AB2>202H59 4> 1958 3>40. 0G8=0O A 1991 3>40 A<5=O2H85 4@C3 4@C30 ?@028B5;LAB20 >AA88 A;54>20;8 ?@54?8A0=8O< <564C=0@>4=>9 D8=0=A>2>9 M;8BK. > 55 =0AB>9G82K< A>25B0< <K >B?CAB8;8 F5=K, ?@>25;8 @048:0;L=CN M:>=><8G5A:CN 8 D8=0=A>2CN ;815@0;870F8N 8 >B:@K;8 @K=:8 4;O 8<?>@B=KE B>20@>2. 57C;LB0B>< AB0;> ?@52@0I5=85 >AA88 87 ?@><KH;5==>-03@0@=>9 AB@0=K 2 ?@>872>48B5;O AK@LO. K =54>>F5=8;8 A0<8 A51O 8 ?5@5>F5=8;8 =0H8E A>25BG8:>2. 0: 8725AB=>, 2 1992 3. >AA8O 4>1@>2>;L=> ?@8=O;0 =0 A51O 2A5 2=5H=85 >1O70B5;LAB20 8 >AB02H85AO 70@C156=K5 0:B82K 2=>2L AD>@<8@>202H8EAO 3>AC40@AB2, 7=0G8B5;L=> >1;53G82 :@548B>@0< 40;L=59H85 ?5@53>2>@K ?> @5AB@C:BC@870F88. >AA8O B0:65 ?>H;0 =0 ?5@5>D>@<;5=85 4>;3>2 AB@0= - 4>;6=8:>2 1K2H53> !!! , 2?>A;54AB288 2 :0G5AB25 G;5=0 0@86A:>3> :;C10 2 F5;>< @O45 A;CG052 ?@>AB82 MB8 4>;38 =0@O4C A 4@C38<8 254CI8<8 <8@>2K<8 45@6020<8. @54>AB02;OO :@548BK 8 D0:B8G5A:8 AC1A848@CO M:A?>@B M=5@3>@5AC@A>2 2 AB@0=K @538>=0, >AA8O AK3@0;0 AB018;878@CNICN @>;L 4;O M:>=><8: A>A54=8E 8 >A>15==> AB@0= !, GB> =5 <>3;> =5 8<5BL 1;03>B2>@=>3> 2;8O=8O 8 =0 <8@>2CN M:>=><8:C 2 F5;><. 'B> :0A05BAO =0H53> >1@0I5=8O A 4>;30<8, B> A;54C5B =5 701K20BL, GB> =0H8 :@548B>@K G0AB> >1<0=K20;8 =0A (8;8 A:065< ?>ABC?0;8 =5045:20B=>), E>BO CA;>28O ?@54;0302H8EAO :@548B>2 2=5H=5 2K3;O45;8 4>2>;L=> ?@82;5:0B5;L=>. !0<K< >?KB=K< 8 C40G;82K< ?5@53>2>@I8:>< ?> 3>A4>;30< C =0A 2A5340 AG8B0;AO .0ALO=>2, >4=0:> =0H8 0=0;8B8:8 G0AB> :@8B8:>20;8 4>AB83=CBK5 8< 4>3>2>@5==>AB8 8 :0: ?>:070;> 2@5<O 1K;8 ?@02K. -B> >B=>A8BAO, =0?@8<5@, : H8@>:> @07@5:;0<8@>20==>9 0:F88, :>340 >=4>=A:89 :;C1 A?8A0; >AA88 B@5BL 704>;65==>AB8 ?> ?@>F5=B0< 8 36% >B >A=>2=>9 G0AB8 4>;30. > 87-70 B>3>, GB> A@>: ?>30H5=8O 1K; C25;8G5= 4> 30 ;5B, >1J5< ?;0B5659 2 :>=5G=>< 8B>35 ?@52KA8; AC<<C 4>;30 =0 <><5=B @5AB@C:BC@870F88 =0 10 <;@4. 4>;;. @8 A0<KE >?B8<8AB8G=KE 4>?CI5=8OE >1I0O AC<<0 >1O70B5;LAB2 ?> >1A;C6820=8N 4>;30 (157 CG5B0 >BA@>G:8 ?> 0@86A:><C :;C1C) 4> 2003 3. A>E@0=8;0AL =0 >G5=L 2KA>:>< C@>2=5 8 >B MB>3> ?>AB@040; ?@5645 2A53> D545@0;L=K9 1N465B (B.5., :0: =8 :@CB8, ?@>1;5<0 2=5H=53> 4>;30 C?8@05BAO 2 1N465B, 0 =5 2 ?;0B56=K9 10;0=A).  2A5 65 =0<5B82H55AO 2 ?>A;54=55 2@5<O ?>;=>25A=>5 ?>4:;NG5=85 >AA88 : @01>B5 ?> <564C=0@>4=>9 D8=0=A>2>-M:>=><8G5A:>9 ?@>1;5<0B8:5, 254CI59AO ?@5645 2 >A=>2=>< 2 D>@<0B5 "A5<5@:8", 0 B0:65 >72CG5==K5 =0 ?>A;54=8E <8@>2KE A0<<8B0E ?>78F88 ;845@>2 @O40 254CI8E AB@0= (!(, 5;8:>1@8B0=88, 5@<0=88 8 $@0=F88) 2 ?>;L7C ?@52@0I5=8O =0H59 AB@0=K 2 ?>;=>?@02=>3> ?0@B=5@0 =0 40==>< =0?@02;5=88, A>740NB >?@545;5==K5 ?@54?>AK;:8 4;O CA8;5=8O @>;8 >AA88 2 <564C=0@>4=KE D8=0=A>2KE 8 M:>=><8G5A:8E >@30=870F8OE. -B> :0A05BAO ?@5645 2A53> B5E >@30=870F89, G;5=>< :>B>@KE >AA8O C65 O2;O5BAO 8 87 :>B>@KE 1K;> 1K =5F5;5A>>1@07=> =8 2KE>48BL, =8 C<5=LH0BL @07<5@ C?;0G8205<KE 27=>A>2. @C3>5 45;>, GB> CA8;8O 745AL A;54>20;> 1K =0?@028BL =0 ?>2KH5=85 MDD5:B82=>AB8 =0H53> CG0AB8O 2 =0H8E 65 8=B5@5A0E, 8<5O 2 284C <0:A8<870F8N :0: ?>;8B8G5A:>9, B0: 8 D8=0=A>2>9 ">B40G8" >B =8E. >AA8O >AB05BAO :@C?=59H8< 35>AB@0B538G5A:8 459AB2CNI8< AC1J5:B>< ?>;8B8:8 4065 ?@8 >A;01;5==>9 3>AC40@AB25==>AB8 8 =0;8G88 3@><04=KE M:>=><8G5A:8E 1@5H59. !> A2>8< 150-<8;;8>==K< =0A5;5=85< 2 ?@545;0E A2>8E 3@0=8F 8 5I5 ?>GB8 100 <8;;8>=0<8 @CAA:8E 2 1;87;560I8E AB@0=0E ! 8 0;B88, >=0 O2;O5B A>1>9 A5@L57=CN D83C@C 2 <8@>2>< <0AHB015, >?8@0NICNAO, 2 G0AB=>AB8 =0 >3@><=K5 ?@8@>4=K5 1>30BAB20, 2KA>:89 ?>B5=F80; >1@07>20=8O, =0C:8, :C;LBC@K 8 @O4 4@C38E 3>AC40@AB25==KE ?0@0<5B@>2, ?> :>B>@K< >=0 =5 CABC?05B =8 >4=>9 2KA>:>@0728B>9 AB@0=5, 0 1>;LH8=AB2> 4065 ?@52>AE>48B. "5< =5 <5=55, 2 M:>=><8:5 AB@0=K G0AB> ?@>8AE>4OB A>1KB8O, A2O70==K5, :0: ?@028;>, A O2;5=8O<8 2 <564C=0@>4=>9 687=8 8;8 <564C=0@>4=>9 B>@3>2;5. 1JOA=8BL =5:>B>@K5 A>1KB8O ?>4G0A 70B@C4=ONBAO A0<K5 <0AB8BK5 CG5=K5 8 0=0;8B8:8. 0?@8<5@, <>65B ;8 4>@>30O =5DBL >AB0=>28BL M:>=><8G5A:89 @>AB 2 >AA88? 0@@5;L 0@0289A:>9 =5DB8 AB>8; 2 =0G0;5 <0O A.3. ?>GB8 $40, 0 2 :>=F5 2B>@>9 45:04K ?>GB8 $42 ($41,85). ;020 $545@0;L=>9 @575@2=>9 A8AB5<K !( @8=A?5= 70O28;, GB> "M@0 45H52>9 =5DB8 7025@H5=0". 0 70A540=88 @>AA89A:>3> ?@028B5;LAB20 19 0?@5;O <8=8AB@ M:>=><8G5A:>3> @0728B8O .@5D 4>;>68; ?@57845=BC > B><, GB> 2 <0@B5 ?@><KH;5==K9 @>AB 2 AB@0=5 >AB0=>28;AO, >= A>AB028; <8D8G5A:CN F8D@C 0%, ?> >B=>H5=8N : D52@0;N, 0 ?@8@>AB  A>AB028; 0,1%. @>87>H;> MB>, :0: =8 AB@0==>, =0 ?8:5 =5DBO=KE F5= :>B>@K5 4>;6=K 1K;8 >15A?5G8BL >AA88 "7>;>B>9 25:". >G5<C MB> ?@>87>H;> ?@028B5;LAB2> 4> A8E ?>@ =5 7=05B 8 1C45B 8A:0BL >B25B =0 >G5@54=KE 70A540=8OE - "<>73>2KE HBC@<0E".  2>?@>A =5 87 ?@>ABKE - 2A5 ?>A;54=55 G5BK@5E;5B85 @>AB 2 >AA88 ?@>8AE>48; =0 D>=5 C:@5?;5=8O @C1;O. 24 <0O &5=B@ M:>=><8G5A:>9 :>=JN=:BC@K ?@8 ?@028B5;LAB25 $ >?C1;8:>20; >G5@54=>9 AB0B8AB8G5A:89 >BG5B > ?><5AOG=KE B5<?0E @0728B8O ?@><KH;5==>AB8 2 2004 3>4C. 7 >BG5B0 A;54C5B, GB> 70AB>9 2 @>AA89A:>9 ?@><KH;5==>AB8 ?@>4>;68;AO 8 2 0?@5;5.  >AA88 2>?@>A: @>AB 8;8 =5 @>AB AB>8B "@51@><". >B><C GB> @5H5=85 8;8 =5@5H5=85 3;02=>9 7040G8 2B>@>3> A@>:0 ?@57845=BAB20 CB8=0 - ?>445@60=8O 2KA>:8E B5<?>2 M:>=><8G5A:>3> @>AB0 - O2;O5BAO 3;02=K< :@8B5@85< >F5=:8 MDD5:B82=>AB8 ?@>2>48<>9 M:>=><8G5A:>9 ?>;8B8:8 8, ?@5645 2A53>, 45OB5;L=>AB8 =>2>3> ?@028B5;LAB20. >MB><C 4;O ?@028B5;LAB20 206=> ?>:070BL, GB> ?@>1;5<K @>AB0, :>B>@K<8 CA?5; >701>B8BLAO .CB8=, ?>>15I02 ?@>25AB8 B0: 4> A8E ?>@ 8 =5 A>AB>O2H55AO A>25I0=85 ("<>73>2>9 HBC@<") ?> <0:@>M:>=><8:5, A0<8 A>1>9 @0AA>A0;8AL. 5;> 2 B><, GB> C:@5?;5=85 @C1;O ?@82>48B : =825;8@>20=8N 2=CB@5==8E 8 2=5H=8E F5=, 0 MB> >1O70B5;L=> >AB0=02;8205B 2=CB@5==89 @>AB, ?@8G5< ?@0:B8G5A:8 2> 2A5E >B@0A;OE ?@><KH;5==>AB8. >4G5@:8205< - 2> 2A5E >B@0A;OE (=5:>B>@K5 0=0;8B8:8 AG8B0NB, GB> 2 ?5@2CN >G5@54L 70AB>9 =0G8=05BAO 2 ;53:>9 8 ?8I52>9 ?@><KH;5==>AB8, => 254L 55 4>;O 2 >1I5< 10;0=A5 ?@>872>4AB20 2 >AA88 A>AB02;O5B <5=55 13%). =CB@5==89 @>AB >AB0=02;8205BAO, B0: :0: ?@8@>AB 2=CB@5==53> A?@>A0 ?>GB8 ?>;=>ABLN ?>:@K205BAO 8<?>@B><. @8B8G5A:89 @C156 ?> 1>;LH8=AB2C M:A?5@B=KE >F5=>: 1K; ?@>945= C65 2 O=20@5 2004 3>40. > MB>3> 2@5<5=8 M:>=><8G5A:89 @>AB "F5?;O;AO" 70 2>72KH5=85 52@> ?> >B=>H5=8N : 4>;;0@C, => AB>8;> @C1;N ?@>AB> 70<5@5BL =0 <5AOF, 0 =5 ?>45H525BL (GB> ?@>87>H;> =5A:>;L:> ?>765), :0: @>AB >AB0=>28;AO. 7-70 =5AB018;L=>AB8 @>AA89A:>9 M:>=><8:8 :C@A>2K5 :>;510=8O @C1;O 2;8ONB =5 B>;L:> =0 A>>B=>H5=85 2=CB@5==53> ?@>872>4AB20 8 8<?>@B0, => 8 =0 48=0<8:C 2=CB@5==8E 8=25AB8F89. ;8B5;L=K9 @>AB :C@A0 @C1;O ?@825; : B><C, > G5< <5GB0;8 ?@54AB028B5;8 2;0AB59 8 A 3>@4>ABLN 3>2>@8;8 - : G0AB8G=>9 454>;;0@870F88 M:>=><8:8 AB@0=K. 0 45;5 G0ABL A15@565=89 @>AA8O=5 ?5@525;8 2 @C1;8, :>B>@K5, 2 A2>N >G5@54L, >15@=C;8AL @0ABCI8< A?@>A>< 8 8=25AB8F8O<8, B> 5ABL AB8<C;8@>20;8 @>AB. >7<>6=>ABL ?>2KH5=8O :C@A0 4>;;0@0 <>3;0 8 4>;6=0 1K;0 ?@8>AB0=>28BL MB>B <5E0=87<, => 0<5@8:0=FK =5 B>@>?8;8AL @5H0BL, :0:0O :C@A>20O ?>;8B8:0 A>>B25BAB2C5B F5;8 4>AB865=8O @>AB0 M:>=><8:8 !( 8 @5H8;8 2 ?>;L7C 45H52>3> 4>;;0@0. 0AG5B >?@0240;AO: ?> 8B>30< ?5@2>3> :20@B0;0 2004 3>40 0<5@8:0=A:89 @>AB 2 3>4>2>< 8AG8A;5=88 A>AB028; 4,2%, ?@8G5< 70 ?>A;54=85 B@8 :20@B0;0 >= A0<K9 2KA>:89 2 3>4>2>< 65 8AG8A;5=88 70 ?>A;54=85 20 ;5B - 5,5%.  MB8E CA;>28OE $ ! !( C65 2 8N=5 <>65B ?@8=OBL @5H5=85 > ?>2KH5=88 ?@>F5=B=>9 AB02:8, 5A;8, =0?@8<5@, C2848B 2 ?@>4>;60NI5<AO @>AB5 C3@>7C 8=D;OF88.  MB> 7=0G8B, GB> A:>@> 4>;;0@K ?>4>@>60NB, ?>MB><C 8E AB>8B ?>:C?0BL A59G0A, G5< 8 70=8<0NBAO, 2 G0AB=>AB8, @>AA89A:85 10=:8. @C38<8 A;>20<8, 7=0G8B5;L=0O G0ABL @C1;52>9 <0AAK A59G0A =0?@02;O5BAO =5 =0 2=CB@5==89 @K=>: 8 8=25AB8F88, 0 ?> AB0@>9 ?@82KG:5, =0 70:C?:C 4>;;0@>2, >BG53> <5E0=87< @>AB0 8 405B A1>8, :>B>@K5 C4828;8 .@5D0. ABL 5I5 >4=> 206=>5 4;O >AA88 A;54AB285 M:>=><8G5A:>3> @>AB0 2 !(: A?@>A =0 =5DBL <>65B >AB0BLAO =0 2KA>:>< C@>2=5, => =5>1O70B5;L=>. %>BO A CG5B>< @>AB0 ?>B@51;5=8O =5DB8 8B05< 8 =4859, A:>@55 2A53> F5=K 7=0G8B5;L=> =5 C?04CB. > 45;> 5I5 8 2 B><, GB> @K=>: =5DB8 <=>38<8 18@6528:0<8 @0AA<0B@820;AO :0: A2>53> @>40 @575@2=0O ?;>I04:0 ?> A@02=5=8N A D>=4>2K< @K=:>< !(: :>340 ?>A;5 8725AB=KE :>@?>@0B82=KE A:0=40;>2 @K=>: 0:F89 ?>H5; 2=87, 2;>65=8O 2 =5DBO=K5 DLNG5@AK 1K;8 0;LB5@=0B82=K< @07<5I5=85< >A2>1>482H8EAO 45=53. A;8 :@C?=K5 8=25AB>@K @5H0B, GB> 0<5@8:0=A:89 @>AB - MB> 2A5@L57 8 =04>;3>, B> G0ABL 45=53 C945B A =5DBO=>3> @K=:0 >1@0B=> =0 D>=4>2K9, GB> A:065BAO 8 =0 F5=0E =0 =5DBL. 'B> :0A05BAO @>AA89A:>3> @K=:0, B> =5>1E>48<> ?@>25AB8 3;C1>:89 0=0;87, GB>1K 2KOA=8BL, 8AG5@?0= ;8 A>1AB25==K9 @5AC@A @>AB0. 5>1E>48<> 2KOA=8BL, 8AG5@?0= ;8 B0:>9 @5AC@A @>AB0, :0: C:@5?;5=85 @C1;O. ;O MB>3> =04> A>?>AB028BL 425 25;8G8=K - @>AB ?>B@518B5;LA:>3> A?@>A0 8 @>AB 8<?>@B0. A;8 >:065BAO, GB> 25AL @>AB A?@>A0 ?>:@K205BAO @>AB>< 8<?>@B0, B>340 <5E0=87< @>AB0, E>@>H> ?@>@01>B02H89 G5BK@5 ?>A;54=8E 3>40, =C6405BAO 2 >1=>2;5=88 8;8 70<5=5.  MB>< A;CG05 0<5@8:0=A:89 @>AB 2<5AB5 A @>AB>< 4>;;0@0 =04> 8A?>;L7>20BL 4;O ?@>2545=8O 0:B82=>9 ?>;8B8:8 >A;01;5=8O @C1;O. , 5A;8 ?@028B5;LAB2> ?@845B : 2K2>4C, GB> @5AC@A C:@5?;5=8O @C1;O A B>G:8 7@5=8O @>AB0 ?>-?@56=5<C @01>B>A?>A>15= (0 2>7<>6=>AB8 454>;;0@870F88 M:>=><8:8 40;5:> =5 8AG5@?0=K), B> 2 ?5@2CN >G5@54L =04> =5 4>?CAB8BL =530B82=K5 4;O @>AA89A:>9 M:>=><8:8 ?>A;54AB28O >68405<>3> ?>4>@>60=8O 4>;;0@0, 0 4;O MB>3> & <>65B ?>9B8 8 =0 2@5<5==>5 ?>2KH5=85 =>@<0B820 >1O70B5;L=KE ?@>406 20;NB=>9 2K@CG:8 M:A?>@B5@>2. ;0B56=K9 10;0=A &5=B@0;L=K9 10=: >?C1;8:>20; 7 <0O 0=0;8B8G5A:89 :><<5=B0@89 : ?;0B56=><C 10;0=AC >AA88 70 2003 3>4. !>3;0A=> 4>:C<5=BC, 2=5H=89 4>;3 2 4>;;0@>2>< 2K@065=88 C25;8G8;AO 70 3>4 =0 28,9 <;@4. 4>;;0@>2 8 4>AB83 181,1 <;@4. 5A<>B@O =0 B> GB> @>AA89A:85 2;0AB8 A2>8 4>;38 ?>30H0;8, ?@54?@8OB8O 8 10=:8 2A5 H8@5 ?@81530;8 : 709<0<. >AA89A:>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> ?@82K:;> 3>@48BLAO B5<, GB> C40@=> 2K?;0G8205B 2=5H=89 4>;3 (?@028B5;LAB25==K5 0=0;8B8:8 4065 2KA:07K20NB B5>@8N, A>3;0A=> :>B>@>9 =5>1E>48<> ?;0B8BL 4>;38 >?5@560NI8<8 B5<?0<8, 0 B> 87;8H=89 ?@8B>: =5DB54>;;0@>2 ?><5H05B @>AA89A:>9 ?@><KH;5==>AB8). 59AB28B5;L=>, ?> >A=>2=><C 4>;3C (2:;NG0O :@548BK $) 2;0AB8 2K?;0B8;8 9,6 <;@4.  8B>35 : :>=FC 3>40 >AA8O >AB0;0AL 4>;6=0 $ B>;L:> 5,1 <;@4. - =5?;>E>, 5A;8 CG5ABL, GB> 5I5 2 1999 3>4C 4>;3 A>AB02;O; 20 <;@4. 4>;;0@>2.  G5< 65 ?@8G8=K AB>;L 7=0G8B5;L=>3> C25;8G5=8O @>AA89A:>3> 2=5H=53> 4>;30? 5;> 2 B><, GB> 2 2003 3>4C >G5=L <=>3> 1@0;8 2709<K @>AA89A:85 10=:8. E 4>;3 2K@>A A 14,2 <;@4. 4>;;0@>2 4> 24,8 <;@4. 4>;;0@>2. & >1JOA=O5B MB> B5<, GB> 87-70 @07=8FK ?@>F5=B=KE AB02>: 2 >AA88 8 =0 <8@>2>< @K=:5 8=25AB8F88 2 @>AA89A:89 D8=0=A>2K9 @K=>: 1K;8 >G5=L 2K3>4=K<8. G5=L E>@>H> 1@0;8 2709<K >1KG=K5, =510=:>2A:85 ?@54?@8OB8O. E 4>;3 2K@>A =0 16,5 <;@4. 4> 50,3 <;@4. 4>;;0@>2.  4>:C<5=B5 & >A>1> >B<5G05BAO 0:B82=>ABL @>AA89A:8E ?@54?@8OB89 2 708<AB2>20=8OE A ?><>ILN 52@>>1;830F89 (745AL ;CGH5 2A5E 2KABC?8; "07?@><", :>B>@K9 ?>708<AB2>20; >:>;> 3 <;@4. 4>;;0@>2). "0:8< >1@07><, >?5@0F88 2A5E A5:B>@>2 M:>=><8:8, 2:;NG05<KE 2 ?;0B56=K9 10;0=A (=>2>5 ?@82;5G5=85, ?>30H5=85 8 ?@>I5=85 >A=>2=>3> 4>;30, >?5@0F88 =0 2B>@8G=>< @K=:5, 87<5=5=85 704>;65==>AB8 ?> =52K?;0G5==K< ?@>F5=B0<), >15A?5G8;8 ?@8@>AB 4>;30 =0 20,9 <;@4. 4>;;0@>2, 0 ?@>G85 87<5=5=8O (2 >A=>2=>< :C@A>20O ?5@5>F5=:0) - 5I5 =0 8 <;@4. 4>;;0@>2. > A>AB>O=8N =0 1 O=20@O 2004 3>40 A;>68;0AL A;54CNI0O AB@C:BC@0 @>AA89A:8E 4>;3>2: 54% ($99,2 <;@4.) ?@8E>48;>AL =0 >1O70B5;LAB20 >@30=>2 3>AC40@AB25==>3> C?@02;5=8O, 4% ($7,8 <;@4.) - =0 >@30=K 45=56=>-:@548B=>3> @53C;8@>20=8O, 14% ($24,8 <;@4.) A>AB028;0 704>;65==>ABL 10=:>2A:>3> A5:B>@0 8 28% ($50,3 <;@4.) ?@8H;>AL =0 =5D8=0=A>2K5 ?@54?@8OB8O. 5A5B ;8 2A5 MB> 2 A515 >?0A=>ABL =>2>3> 45D>;B0, ?>4>1=>3> B><C, :>B>@K9 ?@>87>H5; 2 1998 3>4C? ">340 ?@>1;5<0 1K;0 2 B><, GB> @>AA89A:85 2;0AB8 8 @>AA89A:85 ?@54?@8OB8O A;8H:>< <=>3> 704>;60;8 8=>AB@0=F0<, 4>;38 1K;8 :@0B:>A@>G=K5 8 7>;>B>20;NB=KE @575@2>2 O2=> =5E20B0;> 4;O 8E ?>30H5=8O. A5 1K;8 C15645=K, GB> 2 AB@0=5 ?@>AB> =5B 4>AB0B>G=>3> :>;8G5AB20 4>;;0@>2. AB0B8 7 <0O & >1JO28;, GB> 2 0?@5;5 >1J5< 7>;>B>20;NB=KE @575@2>2 A=878;AO =0 0,8% 8 =0 1 <0O >=8 A>AB02;O;8 $82,664 <;@4. !=865=85 @575@2>2 ?@>4>;605BAO A 1 <0@B0 (>=8 B>340 A>AB02;O;8 $86,3 <;@4.) >:0 8=>AB@0=F0< 15A?>:>8BLAO =5 > G5<, => 5A;8 @>AA89A:85 10=:8 8 >1KG=K5 ?@54?@8OB8O 8 2 40;L=59H5< 1C4CB AB>;L H8@>:> 45;0BL 4>;38, 8=>AB@0=FK <>3CB 8 ?@8704C<0BLAO. $>=4>2K9 @K=>:  45=L 8=0C3C@0F88 ?@57845=B0 >AA89A:>9 $545@0F88 .CB8=0 ?@>87>H;> =>2>5 ?045=85 :>B8@>2>: @>AA89A:8E 0:F89. =45:A "! ?>B5@O; 5,04% - MB> 2B>@>5 ?> 25;8G8=5 A=865=85 8=45:A0 2 B5:CI5< 3>4C - 8 ?>4>H5; 2?;>B=CN : >B<5B:5 600 ?C=:B>2, =0 :>B>@>9 =0E>48;AO 2 O=20@5 MB>3> 3>40. #G0AB=8:8 @K=:0 =07K20NB MB> ?@>4>;60NI59AO :>@@5:F859, :>B>@0O ?5@5H;0 2 3;C1>:CN D07C - @K=>: ?0405B 4065 157 >B@8F0B5;L=KE =>2>AB59. A5 2A?><=8;8, GB> 0:F88 AB>OB @>2=> AB>;L:>, A:>;L:> 70 =8E 3>B>2K 70?;0B8BL.  ?>:C?0B5;59 =5B, 5ABL B>;L:> ?@>4068 A> AB>@>=K D>=4>2. ?@>G5<, 7 <0O 0:B82=>ABL 1K;0 4>2>;L=> =87:0O, 8 4;O B>3>, GB>1K A8;L=> >?CAB8BL @K=>:, 1>;LH8E ?@>406 =5 ?>B@51>20;>AL. 59AB28B5;L=>, >1J5< B>@3>2 =5 1K; 2K40NI8<AO: 2 "! >= A>AB028; GCBL 1>;55 $80 <;=, =0  - 9,2 <;@4. @C1. 4=0:> >=8 1K;8 2A5-B0:8 GCBL 2KH5, G5< 2 ?@54K4CI85 <56?@074=8G=K5 4=8. 845@0<8 A=865=8O 2=>2L AB0;8 F5==K5 1C<038 .!0, >120;82H85AO =0 8,6%. ;0=><5@=>5 ?@5A;54>20=85 :><?0=88 ?@825;> 55 0:F88 : C@>2=N ?>;CB>@03>48G=>9 402=>AB8. !8BC0F8O A 4@C38<8 "3>;C1K<8 D8H:0<8" =5<=>38< ;CGH5 - @54:> :0:0O 1C<030 ?>45H525;0 2 =0G0;5 2B>@>9 45:04K <0O <5=LH5 G5< =0 5%. !8BC0F8O >A;>6=O5BAO B5<, GB> ?@>8AE>48B ?>20;L=>5 70:@KB85 4;8==KE <0@68=0;L=KE ?>78F89. " K=>: 2 =0G0;5 45:04K GCBL ?@8?>4=O;AO, 8 =5:>B>@K5 A?5:C;O=BK 2=>2L =0G0;8 70:C?0BLAO. > BCB >?OBL 2A5 @CE=C;>.  ;N48 @50;L=> <=>3> B5@ONB =0 70:@KB88 ?>78F89". !59G0A MB> ?>E>65 =0 B>, GB> ?@>8AE>48;> 2 <5@8:5 A NASDAQ: ?C7K@L =04C20;AO, =04C20;AO, 0 ?>B>< A4C;AO". =>385 8=>AB@0==K5 D>=4K ?>A;5 ?>=865=8O :@548B=>3> @59B8=30 .!0 =5 <>3CB 45@60BL MB8 1C<038 2 A2>8E ?>@BD5;OE 8 AB0;8 >B =8E <0AA>2> 87102;OBLAO. -B> ?>BO=C;> 70 A>1>9 25AL @K=>:.  745AL C65 2ABC?8;8 >B5G5AB25==K5 8=25AB>@K, :>B>@K5 =0 :@548B=K5 45=L38 "A845;8" 2 4;8==KE ?>78F8OE 2 =045645 =0 ?@>4>;65=85 @>AB0. K=>: AB0; ?040BL, AB>8<>ABL 70;>30 - A=860BLAO, 8 MB> ?>4E;5AB=C;> <0AA>2K5 ?@>4068. =B5@5A=>, GB> 2<5AB5 A> 2A5<8 ?040;8 1C<038 8 B5E :><?0=89, C :>B>@KE ?@>8AE>48;> 70:@KB85 @55AB@>2. !@548 =8E ">@8;LA:89 =8:5;L", #, "07?@><", ;O B>3> GB>1K ?>;CG8BL 482845=4K ?> MB8< 0:F8O<, =5>1E>48<> 1K;> >AB020BLAO 2 @55AB@5 =0 70:@KB85 B>@3>2 7 <0O. @8 MB>< ?> =5:>B>@K< 0:F8O< 482845=4K 1K;8 7=0G8B5;L=K<8, :0:, =0?@8<5@, ?> #C - 24 @C1;O =0 0:F8N. 4=0:> 8 MB> =5 >AB0=>28;> ?@>402F>2. "8:B> =5 E>G5B @048 ?>;CG5=8O $0,8 ?>B5@OBL $2",- :>=AB0B8@C5B A?5F80;8AB. ?@>G5<, 40B0 >BA5G5=8O @55AB@>2 2A5-B0:8 ?>2;8O;0 =0 B>@38. 0?@8<5@, 2 "!, 345 1C<038 B>@3CNBAO C65 157 482845=4>2, ?045=85 1K;> 1>;55 7=0G8B5;L=K<, G5< =0 , 345 8E AB>8<>ABL 5I5 2:;NG05B 482845=4K. 0 :0@48=0;L=>5 C;CGH5=85 A8BC0F88 <0;> :B> =0455BAO, 8 2 MB>9 A8BC0F88 1@>:5@0<, 2848<>, >AB05BAO CB5H0BL A2>8E :;85=B>2 0=5:4>B><: "@>:5@ 3>2>@8B :;85=BC: "# <5=O 4;O B51O 425 =>2>AB8, ?;>E0O 8 E>@>H0O. "0209 A ?;>E>9",- >B25G05B B>B. "A5 ?@>?0;>, @K=>: @CE=C;, B2>9 ?>@BD5;L 2 <8=CA5, BK @07>@8;AO". " :0:0O 65 E>@>H0O?" - =54>C<5205B :;85=B. "> ?040;8 254L =0 <0;5=L:8E >1J5<0E!". BB>: :0?8B0;0 87 >AA88 ?>72>;8; 4>;;0@C C:@5?8BLAO.  =0G0;5 25A=K A?5:C;O=BK ?><>3;8 0=:C >AA88 70B>@<>78BL C:@5?;5=85 @C1;O : 4>;;0@C. > >F5=:5 &5=B@0 @0728B8O, 2 <0@B5 - 0?@5;5 AB@0=C ?>:8=C;> ?>GB8 $9 <;@4 3>@OG8E 45=53, ?@8H54H8E 2 >AA8N 78<>9 2 @0AG5B5 =0 1KAB@K9 @>AB :C@A0 @C1;O. 4=0:> 4065 @5:>@4=K5 B5<?K 2K2>70 :0?8B0;0 =5 ?><>30NB & :0@48=0;L=> @5H8BL ?@>1;5<C "4>@>3>3> @C1;O". A5 ?@54K4CI55 45AOB8;5B85 >AA8O AB@040;0 >B <>I=>3> >BB>:0 :0?8B0;0. 0=:8, ?@54?@8OB8O 8 =0A5;5=85 ?@54?>G8B0;8 45@60BL 0:B82K 2 8=>AB@0==>9 20;NB5, 0 =5 2 @C1;OE. > A 2000 3. G8ABK9 >BB>: G0AB=>3> :0?8B0;0, 8;8 @07=8F0 <564C 53> 2K2>7>< 8 22>7>< 2 AB@0=C, =0G0; A>:@0I0BLAO 8 2 2003 3. ?> 40==K< &5=B@>10=:0, >:070;AO <8=8<0;L=K< 70 2AN 8AB>@8N AB@0=K - $2,1 <;@4. ">25@85 3@0640= : @C1;N 2K@>A;>", - >1JOA=O5B <8=8AB@ D8=0=A>2 ;5:A59 C4@8=. "5< 1>;55 GB> 2 ?@>H;>< 3>4C 4>;;0@ A8;L=> @07>G0@>20; @>AA8O=: 53> @50;L=K9 :C@A : @C1;N A=878;AO, ?> 40==K< &, =0 18,9%. > >F5=:5 C4@8=0, 2 ?@>H;>< 3>4C =0A5;5=85 ?5@525;> 87 20;NBK 2 @C1;8 A15@565=8O 1>;55 $5 <;@4.  :>=F5 ?@>H;>3> 3>40 2 83@C =0 ?>2KH5=85 :C@A0 @C1;O 2:;NG8;8AL 8 10=:8, :>B>@K5 2 IV :20@B0;5 2257;8 2 >AA8N =0 $8,4 <;@4 1>;LH5, G5< 2K257;8. 0=:8@K 70@010BK20;8 =0 C:@5?;5=88 =0F8>=0;L=>9 20;NBK, 2:;04K20O ?@82;5G5==CN 70 @C156>< 20;NBC 2 :@0B:>A@>G=K5 @C1;52K5 :@548BK 8 3>A>1;830F88.  @57C;LB0B5 : 1 D52@0;O, ?> 40==K< &, 8=>AB@0==K5 >1O70B5;LAB20 10=:>2 ?@52KA8;8 8E 0:B82K ?@8<5@=> =0 $4,7 <;@4.  A>2@5<5==>9 8AB>@88 >AA88 B0:0O A8BC0F8O =01;N40;0AL B>;L:> 2 =0G0;5 1998 3. @8B>: 3>@OG8E 45=53 2K720; >15A?>:>5==>ABL &5=B@>10=:0, 0 C:@5?;5=85 @50;L=>3> :C@A0 @C1;O - >701>G5==>ABL ;048<8@0 CB8=0.  =0G0;5 0?@5;O ?@54A540B5;L & !5@359 3=0BL52 ?>>15I0; ?@57845=BC, GB> @50;L=K9 MDD5:B82=K9 :C@A @C1;O (: :>@78=5 20;NB A CG5B>< 8=D;OF88) C:@5?8BAO 2 MB>< 3>4C =5 1>;LH5 G5< =0 7%. !2>5 >15I0=85 & ?>4:@5?8; =5>4=>:@0B=K< ?>2KH5=85< 70O2:8 =0 ?>:C?:C 4>;;0@>2 =0  - G53> =5 1K;> C65 >G5=L 402=>. ! B5E ?>@ 4>;;0@ ?>4>@>60; =0 55 :>?., 8;8 ?>GB8 =0 2%. 0=:8@K ?@542845;8 B0:>9 @072>@>B A>1KB89. > ?@5420@8B5;L=>9 >F5=:5 &, 10=:8 C65 2 <0@B5 C25;8G8;8 8=>AB@0==K5 0:B82K =0 118,3 <;@4 @C1.  <0@B5 - 0?@5;5 10=:8 87JO;8 A :>@AG5B>2 8 45?>78B>2 2 & 188,5 <;@4 @C1., :>B>@K5 2 >A=>2=>< 1K;8 :>=25@B8@>20=K 2 8=>AB@0==CN 20;NBC.  0?@5;5 : @>AA89A:8< 10=:8@0< ?@8A>548=8;8AL 8=>AB@0=FK, =0G02H85 2K2>48BL A@54AB20 A D>=4>2KE @K=:>2 @072820NI8EAO AB@0= 2 >6840=88 ?>2KH5=8O ?@>F5=B=KE AB02>: 2 !(. A53> 65, ?> >F5=:5 &, 2 <0@B5 - 0?@5;5 G8ABK9 >BB>: G0AB=>3> :0?8B0;0 4>AB83 $8,8 <;@4. > ?@5420@8B5;L=>9 >F5=:5 &5=B@>10=:0, 2 I :20@B0;5 G8ABK9 >BB>: G0AB=>3> :0?8B0;0 87 >AA88 A>AB028; $0,2 <;@4. & 45;05B ?@8<5@=K5 ?><5AOG=K5 >F5=:8 >BB>:0 :0?8B0;0, A>?>AB02;OO B>@3>2>5 A0;L4> (2 <0@B5 - 0?@5;5 M:A?>@B B>20@>2 8 CA;C3 ?@52KH0; 8E 8<?>@B 2 A@54=5< =0 $4,8 <;@4 2 <5AOF), ?;0B568 ?@028B5;LAB20 ?> 2=5H=5<C 4>;3C (70 420 <5AOF0 G8ABK5 2K?;0BK A>AB028;8 $3,3 <;@4) 8 48=0<8:C 7>;>B>20;NB=KE @575@2>2 &5=B@>10=:0. >A;5 @>AB0 =0 $9,4 <;@4 70 O=20@L - D52@0;L @575@2K & 2 <0@B5 - 0?@5;5 C<5=LH8;8AL =0 $3,7 <;@4. @0240, 25A5==OO 83@0 =0 >A;01;5=85 @C1;O =5 ?@81;878;0 @>AA89A:89 & : 2K?>;=5=8N >1O70B5;LAB2 ?5@54 ?@57845=B><. 0: A>>1I8; 2> 2B>@>9 45:045 <0O &, 87-70 C45H52;5=8O 52@> 2 0?@5;5 @50;L=K9 MDD5:B82=K9 :C@A @C1;O 2K@>A 5I5 =0 1,3 ?@>F5=B=>3> ?C=:B0, 0 A =0G0;0 3>40 @C1;L C:@5?8;AO =0 6,1%. -:>=><8ABK ?>;030NB, GB> 153AB2> :0?8B0;0 2>B-2>B >AB0=>28BAO. "!59G0A A?5:C;OF88 =5 >ACI5AB2;ONBAO - 2A5 =0?@O65==> A<>B@OB 70 459AB28O<8 &", - 3>2>@8B 8:>;09 0I552 87 10=:0 ""@0AB".  ;53 !>;=F52 87 &5=B@0 <0:@>M:>=><8G5A:>3> 0=0;870 8 :@0B:>A@>G=>3> ?@>3=>78@>20=8O C25@5=, GB> 2A:>@5 2 42865=88 :0?8B0;0 "?@>87>945B ?5@5;><: =5DBL AB>8B >G5=L 4>@>3>, 0 :><?0=88 A?5H0B 70=OBL 45=L38 70 @C156><, ?>:0 >=8 45H52K". $C=40<5=B0;L=K5 D0:B>@K, 1;03>40@O :>B>@K< @C1;L 4>@>605B, 0 2 AB@0=C 845B :0?8B0;, =5 87<5=8;8AL. ?@>G5<, =0G0;L=8: C?@02;5=8O B>@3>2KE >?5@0F89 CB0-10=:0 ?>;0305B, GB> 45=56=K5 2;0AB8 A?>A>1=K =5 4>?CAB8BL C:@5?;5=8O @C1;O 4065 ?>A;5 B>3>, :0: :0?8B0; A=>20 =0G=5B "?@8B5:0BL" 2 >AA8N. 'B>1K C4>2;5B2>@8BL A?@>A M:>=><8:8 =0 @C1;8, & ?@845BAO 2>7>1=>28BL ?>:C?:C 20;NBK 2 A2>8 @575@2K, 0 7=0G8B, =><8=0;L=K9 :C@A 4>;;0@0 : @C1;N >AB0=5BAO =0 4>AB83=CB>< 2 <05 C@>2=5, 3>2>@8B 0I552 87 ""@0AB0". =5H=5?>;8B8G5A:89 D>= 2B>@>9 45:04K A>AB02;O;8 <=>3>G8A;5==K5 2878BK 2 >A:2C ?@54AB028B5;59 1;86=53> 8 40;L=53> 70@C156LO. !>548=5==K5 (B0BK 8ICB ?>445@6:8 >AA88 8 4@C38E AB@0= -G;5=>2  4;O 2KE>40 87 8@0:A:>3> BC?8:0, CAC3C1;5==>3> C189AB2>< 17 <0O 2004 3>40 ?@54A540B5;O @5<5==>3> C?@02;ONI53> A>25B0 @0:0 77548=0 !0;8<0 1C:20;L=> @O4>< A >E@0=O5<>9 2>9A:0<8 !( "75;5=>9 7>=>9", 345 @0A?>;>65=0 HB01-:20@B8@0 :>0;8F8>==KE A8; 2 034045. -B> ?>:07K205B, =0A:>;L:> =5C?@02;O5<>9 AB0;0 >1AB0=>2:0 2 @0:5, 8 :0: B@C4=> 1C45B =0G0BL ?@>2>48BL B0< :0:>9-B> =>2K9 :C@A. 5A<>B@O =0 ?@87K2K CG5=KE <C659 8 ?>;8B8G5A:8E A>25B=8:>2 : 2=5A5=8N @048:0;L=KE 87<5=5=89 2 ?@>2>48<CN 2 @0:5 ?>;8B8:C, 04<8=8AB@0F88 CH0-<;04H53> 8 ">=8 ;M@0 =5 CA<0B@820NB 4;O A51O :0:8E ;81> ?@82;5:0B5;L=KE 2K1>@>2. N1>5 7=0G8B5;L=>5 =0@0I820=85 G8A;5==>AB8 2>9A: 4> C@>2=59, :>B>@K5 @0=55 @5:><5=4>20;8, =0?@8<5@, 1K2H89 :><0=4CNI89 &5=B@0;L=K< :><0=4>20=85< 2>>@C65==KE A8; !( -=B>=8 8==8 8;8 1K2H89 =0G0;L=8: HB010 0@<88 !( -@8: (8=A5:8, :065BAO, 4065 =5 AB028BAO =0 >1AC645=85 =8 2 !>548=5==KE (B0B0E, =8 2 5;8:>1@8B0=88. 5=5@0; 8==8 A:070;, GB> 53> ?;0=>< 2>9=K 2 @0:5 2 :>=F5 1990-E 3>4>2 ?@54CA<0B@820;>AL =0?@02;5=85 BC40 350 BKAOG 2>5==>A;C60I8E. > A>2>:C?=0O G8A;5==>ABL :>0;8F8>==KE 2>9A: 2 40==K9 <><5=B A>AB02;O5B <5=LH5 ?>;>28=K MB>9 F8D@K. "0:65 <0;>25@>OB=>, GB> A@548 A>N7=KE 3>AC40@AB2 =094CBAO =>2K5 4>1@>2>;LFK =0?@028BL A2>8 2>9A:0 2 @0:, 345 @0ABCB ?>B5@8 ;8G=>3> A>AB020 :>0;8F8>==KE A8; 8 345 @07@0AB05BAO A:0=40; 87-70 65AB>:>3> >1@0I5=8O 0<5@8:0=F52 A 8@0:A:8<8 ?;5==8:0<8. 0?@>B82, ?@54AB02;ONBAO 1>;55 25@>OB=K<8 =>2K5 4575@B8@AB20 87 :>0;8F88. 0 40==K9 <><5=B 8=B5@=0F8>=0;870F8N 0=3;>-0<5@8:0=A:8E CA8;89 2 @0:5 A45@6820NB =5 >AB0B>G=K5 GC2AB20 C=8;0B5@0;87<0 2 0H8=3B>=5, => @0ABCI55 =565;0=85 @30=870F88 1J548=5==KE 0F89 () 8 1>;LH8=AB20 ?@028B5;LAB2 AB@0= - G;5=>2  1@0BL =0 A51O 7=0G8B5;L=K5 @8A:8, A2O70==K5 A ?>4>1=>9 <8AA859. @8B0=A:0O 3075B0 The Sunday Times 23 <0O A>>1I8;0, GB> <564C !( 8 5;8:>1@8B0=859 2>7=8:;8 A5@L57=K5 @07=>3;0A8O 87-70 A;8H:>< 65AB:>9 B0:B8:8 0<5@8:0=A:8E 2>9A: 2 @0:5. -B> ?>4B25@6405B A5:@5B=K9 4>:;04  5;8:>1@8B0=88, >:0702H89AO 2 @0A?>@O65=88 8740=8O. =5< 3>2>@8BAO, GB> 65AB:0O B0:B8:0 0<5@8:0=A:8E 2>5==KE >1@0B8;0 =0 :>0;8F8N 3=52 AC==8B>2 8 H88B>2, "8AB>I8;0 <>@0;L=K9 02B>@8B5B" :>0;8F88 8 ?@825;0 : ?>B5@5 "7=0G8B5;L=>9 G0AB8 >1I5AB25==>9 ?>445@6:8". > <=5=8N 1@8B0=A:>3> 0, "=5>1E>48<> C42>8BL CA8;8O A F5;LN >15A?5G8BL @07C<=K9 ?>4E>4 !( : 2>5==K< >?5@0F8O<" 8 "?@5:@0B8BL ?>4@K2 4>AB865=8O >1I8E 7040G" A>N7=8:>2 2 @0:5. @><5 B>3>, >=4>=C "=04> >15A?5G8BL ?@>2545=85 2 8N=5 8;8 >A5=LN :>=AB@C:B82=>9 <564C=0@>4=>9 :>=D5@5=F88 ?> @0:C, 70 A>7K2 :>B>@>9 2KABC?0NB >AA8O, $@0=F8O 8 5@<0=8O. -B> <>3;> 1K AB0BL 5I5 >4=8< ?>;57=K< ?>4:@5?;5=85< 4;O =>2KE 4>3>2>@5==>AB59 8 2>>4CH528BL MB8 AB@0=K 2=5AB8 A2>9 2:;04 2 ?5@5CAB@>9AB2> @0:0".  5;8:>1@8B0=88 B0:65 2KABC?05B 70 A:>@59H55 ?@8=OB85 =>2>9 @57>;NF88 !>25B0 57>?0A=>AB8  ?> @0:C. ;O MB>3>, :0: AG8B0NB 2 >=4>=5, 5ABL =5?;>E85 ?5@A?5:B82K, 5A;8 C40ABAO C1548BL !( 2:;NG8BL 2 ?@>5:B @57>;NF88 "C4>2;5B2>@8B5;L=K5" D>@<C;8@>2:8, :0A0NI85AO 0@E8B5:BC@K 157>?0A=>AB8 2 @0:5 ?>A;5 ?5@540G8 2;0AB8 8@0:F0<, 8 >A>15==> 2708<>>B=>H5=89 <564C <=>3>=0F8>=0;L=K<8 A8;0<8 8 ?5@5E>4=K< 8@0:A:8< ?@028B5;LAB2><. 4=0 87 B0:8E D>@<C;8@>2>: :0A05BAO 8<<C=8B5B0 4;O 2>5==>A;C60I8E >::C?0F8>==KE 2>9A: 2 @0:5. > 40==K< 1@8B0=A:>9 3075BK Observer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v z j""L&P&2+6+dMhMOOP@, . JLRT  .*$7$8$@&H$]. .*$7$8$H$].TJNlp<@* . >>l?TCCvFzF|FFFxH|HLLQQ[[c cBfDfiikknnĬx@BVXHLȼ 56CJOJQJ\]^JaJ5CJOJQJ^JaJ5CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH CJOJQJ^JaJmH sH CJOJQJ^JaJ5CJOJQJ\^JaJC!!##''**J0L0(5*588r?t?xFzF|FFF .*$7$8$@&H$]. $*$7$8$H$ .*$7$8$H$].FzH|HLLQQWW[[c cBfDfiikknnsswwzz *$7$8$H$ .*$7$8$H$].zFHz|68·Ї ">@vxRTڤܤܥޥhj .*$7$8$H$].jĬƬVXDFtv02*, .*$7$8$@&H$]. .*$7$8$H$].dfvxz@ .*$7$8$@&H$]. .*$7$8$H$].@BVXJL     68l#n#&&D* .*$7$8$H$].L     l#n#F*b+...033CJOJQJ^J 56CJOJQJ\]^JaJ5CJOJQJ\^JaJCJOJQJ^JaJmH sH CJOJQJ^JaJD*F*..0033 .*$7$8$H$]./0&P 1. A!"S#n$n% i2@2 1KG=K9_HmHsHtH\@\ 03>;>2>: 1$.*$7$8$@&H$].5CJOJQJ^JaJ:A@: A=>2=>9 H@8DB 0170F0`B@` A=>2=>9 B5:AB.xx*$7$8$H$].CJOJQJ^JaJV"#$% )*'(4589 ##$$%%%%R'S'((e*f*,,..80902255y8z8;;,=-=??@@CC&F'FrHsHJJ1L2LGNHNOOPPtRuRTTWWXXZZ\\ ^ ^`````ccPeQeggjjllmmQpRpSpjpkpqqXtYtuuvudvevgxhxzz&|'|678GH )*jk͎̎de%&bc<=>UV=>DEϦЦϩЩ!"ײز˳̳kl\]=> mnOPQbc:;Rxz{23RS !+,%& _`TU      \]"#PQUV00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000L3")P&UN(Fzj@D*3 !#$%&'(*3  !N S T \ agho(72A######&&&& ''S'`'))**,,///!/Z0a0225577z88r<y<y>>??,@1@2@:@@@XBaBC%CDD.F7FFFFFFFFFGG5K=KXL_L`LgLLL#M/M`NiNPPQQ{RR"W+WZZ\%\d]l]````}bbbbddQeWeleveeeeeggmhphqhwh,j2jkk mmEnRnqpupppqq|ssssttevivCzQzzzzz3}9}}}\~c~d~l~\efj.2qBF"#( Əɏs py$=G>J.:̭ԭWd״xfn&/xGU8F") &.>L~$)  ko  KO `d.3    T X   BJ=MCMVdCI^ e  P[##%%//89K@N@EEsH J ]]aaSnknttyyj~k~ dm:AObbkݹ'5:TY:;lNLNmjokoKO2<wy.5  ,6ov``>UQb Alexander"C:\>8 4>:C<5=BK\!(-!- !!/.doc AlexanderFC:\WINDOWS\Application Data\Microsoft\Word\2B>:>?8O !(-!- !!/.asd AlexanderFC:\WINDOWS\Application Data\Microsoft\Word\2B>:>?8O !(-!- !!/.asd AlexanderFC:\WINDOWS\Application Data\Microsoft\Word\2B>:>?8O !(-!- !!/.asd AlexanderFC:\WINDOWS\Application Data\Microsoft\Word\2B>:>?8O !(-!- !!/.asd AlexanderFC:\WINDOWS\Application Data\Microsoft\Word\2B>:>?8O !(-!- !!/.asd AlexanderFC:\WINDOWS\Application Data\Microsoft\Word\2B>:>?8O !(-!- !!/.asd AlexanderFC:\WINDOWS\Application Data\Microsoft\Word\2B>:>?8O !(-!- !!/.asd AlexanderFC:\WINDOWS\Application Data\Microsoft\Word\2B>:>?8O !(-!- !!/.asd AlexanderFC:\WINDOWS\Application Data\Microsoft\Word\2B>:>?8O !(-!- !!/.asd@LdlppUnknownG:Times New Roman5Symbol3& :Arial"qegfz(v!nNj20dW2111 Alexander Alexander Oh+'0l   ( 4 @LT\d11111 Alexander lexlexNormale Alexander 15xMicrosoft Word 9.0@`@rcH@D:Iz( ՜.+,0 hp|  11vW2 111    !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEGHIJKLMOPQRSTUZRoot Entry F:I\1Table,3WordDocument1VSummaryInformation(FDocumentSummaryInformation8NCompObjjObjectPool:I:I  F Microsoft Word MSWordDocWord.Document.89q